孕期和哺乳期环境剂量氯氰菊酯暴露对子代雄性小鼠青春期启动的影响
Effects of Cypermethrin Exposure Under Environmental Doses During Pregnancy and Lactation on Puberty Onset in Offspring Male Mice
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摘要: 氯氰菊酯（cypermethrin，CP）是一种应用广泛的拟除虫菊酯类农药，作为潜在的环境污染物和内分泌干扰物，其围产期暴露对子代具有一定的毒性作用。为探究孕期和哺乳期氯氰菊酯环境剂量暴露对子代雄性小鼠青春期启动的影响，将ICR小鼠在妊娠第6天至子代出生后（postnatal day，PND）第21天，暴露于0、6.7、20和60 μg·kg-1·d-1氯氰菊酯，观察子代雄性小鼠青春期启动情况，同时分别检测PND22小鼠下丘脑、垂体、睾丸组织中GnRH、KISS-1、CGα、LHβ、FSHβ、StAR和CYP1A1的表达水平以及血清中促性腺激素释放激素、卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素和睾酮的含量。检测PND21 ICR小鼠下丘脑和睾丸组织体外暴露于0、6.7、20和60 μg·L-1氯氰菊酯后丙二醛、总谷胱甘肽、NO含量和总超氧化物歧化酶活性。结果表明，在60 μg·kg-1·d-1的氯氰菊酯暴露剂量下，子代雄性小鼠青春期启动日龄减少（P<0.01）；20～60 μg·kg-1·d-1显著诱导促性腺激素释放激素、黄体生成素和睾酮分泌（P<0.05）；6.7～60 μg·L-1体外暴露24 h会对下丘脑和睾丸组织产生氧化损伤。孕期和哺乳期氯氰菊酯环境剂量暴露可导致子代雄性小鼠青春期启动提前，下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴相关激素分泌总体上调。本研究结果为准确、全面评估拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的环境安全与健康风险提供科学依据和理论基础。
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关键词:
- 氯氰菊酯 /
- 下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴 /
- 生殖毒性 /
- 青春期启动
Abstract: Cypermethrin (CP) is a widely used pyrethroid pesticide, and as a potential environmental pollutant and endocrine disruptor, its perinatal exposure may have certain toxic effects on offsprings. To clarify the effects of pyrethroid exposure under environmental doses during pregnancy and lactation on puberty onset in offspring male mice, ICR mice were exposed to 0, 6.7, 20 and 60 μg·kg-1·d-1 CP from gestation day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21 to observe the puberty onset in male mice. The expressions of GnRH, KISS-1, CGα, LHβ, FSHβ, StAR and CYP11A1 in hypothalamus, pituitary and testis of PND22 offspring mice, as well as the levels of GnRH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in serum were detected. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH), NO concentrations and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in hypothalamus and testis of PND21 ICR mice were detected after exposure to 0, 6.7, 20 and 60 μg·L-1 CP in vitro. The results showed that, compared with the control groups, the age of puberty onset reduced in offspring male mice exposed to 60 μg·kg-1·d-1 CP (P<0.01). 20~60 μg·kg-1·d-1 CP significantly induced the concentrations of GnRH, LH and testosterone (P<0.05). 6.7~60 μg·L-1 CP in vitro exposure for 24 h produced oxidative damage to hypothalamus and testis. CP exposure under environmental doses during pregnancy and lactation led to the reduction of time to puberty onset and overall upregulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis (HPTA) related hormone secretion and gene expression levels in offspring male mice. The results of this study provide a scientific and theoretical basis for accurate and comprehensive assessment of the environmental safety and health risks of pyrethrins. -
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