典型酰胺类除草剂的水生生物水质基准
Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Typical Amide Herbicides
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摘要: 酰胺类除草剂在我国大量使用，可能会对水生态系统和人体健康造成潜在威胁。本文搜集了6种典型酰胺类除草剂对淡水水生生物的毒性数据，定量评价了数据质量和可靠度。选择可靠度较高的毒性数据，应用物种敏感度分布(species sensitivity distribution, SSD)法推导了酰胺类除草剂的水质基准(water quality criteria, WQC)。同时，基于本研究水质基准值，应用商值法对我国部分地表水中酰胺类除草剂的暴露进行了初步的生态风险评估。结果显示，甲草胺、乙草胺、丙草胺、丁草胺、异丙甲草胺和敌稗的急性水质基准分别为1 171.5、28.65、71.75、45.41、831.5和696.5 μg·L-1，慢性水质基准分别为1.01、1.86、1.49、10.82、3.99和69.65 μg·L-1。乙草胺在松花江、九龙江河口和广西甘蔗种植区水体中具有中等生态风险。丁草胺在长江流域水体中部分点具有中高风险。异丙甲草胺在广西种植区水体中具有潜在中等风险。甲草胺和丙草胺暴露无潜在风险。酰胺类除草剂对我国地表水生态系统的毒害效应值得长期关注。研究结果可为中国酰胺类除草剂水环境质量基准和标准的制/修订和污染控制提供科学依据。Abstract: Amide herbicides may pose a potential threat to the aquatic ecosystem and human health due to their extensive use in China. In this study, both acute and chronic toxicity data of six typical amide herbicides to aquatic organisms were collected from ECOTOX and literatures, and then the data quality and reliability was quantitatively evaluated using ToxRTool. Water quality criteria (WQC) for freshwater aquatic life were derived by using species sensitivity distribution (SSD) based on the reliable toxicity data. Meanwhile, a preliminary ecological risk assessment was conducted for amide herbicides in some surface waters in China using the risk quotient method based on the WQCs derived in the present study. The acute WQCs were 1 171.5, 28.65, 71.75, 45.41, 831.5 and 696.5 μg·L-1 for alachlor, acetochlor, pretilachlor, butachlor, metolachlor and propanil, respectively, and the chronic WQCs were 1.01, 1.86, 1.49, 10.82, 3.99 and 69.65 μg·L-1, respectively. Acetochlor has moderate risk in the water of Songhua River, Jiulong River estuary and Guangxi sugarcane growing area. There were moderate to high risk of butachlor in some water samples in the Yangtze River Basin. Metolachlor posed a potential moderate risk in the water of planting areas in Guangxi. No potential risks occurred for alachlor and preochlor in any water. Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to the toxic risk of amide herbicides to the surface water ecosystem in China. The research results provide a scientific basis for the establishment and revision of WQCs and pollution control for amide herbicides.
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Key words:
- pesticide /
- ecotoxicity /
- species sensitivity distribution /
- water quality criteria /
- risk assessment
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