典型抗生素在城市污水处理厂各单元出水中的分布及受纳水体生态风险
Distribution of Typical Antibiotics in Effluent from Different Units of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants and Ecological Risks in Receiving Waters
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摘要: 为了探究城市污水排放抗生素造成的生态风险，选择西安市的2座污水处理厂为研究对象，利用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)对9种主要抗生素(包括3种磺胺类、3种四环素类和3种喹诺酮类)进行定量检测，分析不同处理阶段对抗生素去除的贡献率，研究水质指标和抗生素浓度之间的关系，并运用风险商值法评估受纳水体抗生素的生态风险。结果表明，共有5种抗生素(诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺嘧啶)在这些污水厂中被检出，浓度范围为25.0～349.7 ng·L-1，其中诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和磺胺甲恶唑是城市污水厂进水中最主要的抗生素，其浓度都在100 ng·L-1以上；二级生物处理单元对诺氟沙星和环丙沙星有良好的去除效果，且AAO工艺对诺氟沙星和环丙沙星的去除率要优于氧化沟工艺，而氯消毒则对磺胺甲恶唑有较高的去除率。厌氧处理段会使水中磺胺类抗生素浓度升高。污水中的氨氮和COD与检出的抗生素浓度之间存在显著相关性。受纳水体中诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、磺胺甲恶唑造成的生态风险均在中风险水平(0.1≤RQ<1)，环丙沙星则为高风险(RQ=3.10＞1)。Abstract: In order to explore the ecological risks caused by antibiotic discharge from urban wastewater, two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Xi’an were selected as the research objects. Nine antibiotics including three sulfonamides, three tetracyclines and three quinolones were quantitatively determined by solid phase extraction-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS). The contribution rate of different treatment stages to the removal of antibiotics and the relationship between water quality indicators and antibiotics concentration were studied. The risk quotient method was used to evaluate the ecological risk of antibiotics in receiving water. The results showed that five antibiotics (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine) were detected in two WWTPs, with the concentration range of 25.0～349.7 ng·L-1, of which norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole were the main antibiotics in effluent water, with concentrations all above 100 ng·L-1. The second biological treatment unit had a good removal effect on norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and the removal rate of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin by the AAO process is better than the oxidation ditch process, while chlorine disinfection had a high removal rate on sulfamethoxazole, and anaerobic treatment could increase the concentration of sulfonamides in water. The correlation analysis showed that both ammonia nitrogen and COD have significant correlations with the antibiotic concentration. The ecological risks caused by norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole in the receiving water were of medium risk level (0.1≤RQ＜1), and ciprofloxacin showed a high risk (RQ=3.10＞1).
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Key words:
- ciprofloxacin /
- quinolone antibiotics /
- ecological risk /
- municipal wastewater /
- receiving waters
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