塑料的微生物降解机理研究进展
Research Progress on Microbial Degradation Mechanism of Plastics
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摘要: 塑料结构稳定，分布广泛且生物可利用性低，其生态效应和降解方法一直备受关注。微生物降解作为一种环境友好型塑料废弃物的处理方法，具有安全、清洁、高效的特点。本文系统综述了微生物降解机理及表征方法，对参与塑料降解的微生物（细菌、真菌、生物膜和微藻）进行了总结，同时系统回顾了不同类型塑料的降解机制及降解酶，对微生物降解塑料的影响因素进行了凝练和解析。最后提出未来有关塑料降解研究的一些重点方向，以期能为进一步研究塑料污染的生态防控策略与生态环境风险提供科学参考。Abstract: With stable structure, wide distribution and low bioavailability, the ecological effects and degradation methods of plastics have always been concerned. Microbial degradation, as an environmentally friendly treatment method for plastic waste, has the characteristics of safety, cleanliness, and efficiency. This paper systematically reviewed the mechanisms and characterization methods of microbial degradation, summarized the microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, biofilms, and microalgae) involved in the degradation of plastics, and reviewed the degradation mechanisms and enzymes of different types of plastics. The influencing factors of microbial degradation of plastics were summarized and analyzed. On this basis, some key directions for future research on the degradation of plastics are proposed, which could provide scientific references for further research on ecological prevention and control strategies for plastic pollution and ecological environmental risks.
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Key words:
- plastics /
- microorganism /
- enzymes /
- degradation mechanism
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