双酚S对斑马鱼幼鱼早期视觉发育的影响
Effects of Bisphenol S on Early Visual Development of Zebrafish Larvae
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摘要: 塑料添加剂双酚S （bisphenol S，BPS）广泛应用于多种工业产品和日用品的生产，在环境及人体样本中频繁检出，其视觉毒性近年来备受关注。本研究采用1、10、100、1 000 μg·L-1 BPS暴露斑马鱼受精卵15 d，通过石蜡切片分析视网膜结构，并检测视黄酸代谢基因和视蛋白基因表达量变化，探究了BPS对斑马鱼幼鱼早期视觉发育的影响。结果表明，10、100、1 000 μg·L-1 BPS暴露抑制了其视黄酸合成相关基因的表达，并下调了感光细胞发育相关基因神经视网膜亮氨酸拉链基因的表达量；100、1 000 μg·L-1 BPS暴露组斑马鱼幼鱼多种视蛋白基因（紫外敏感视蛋白、蓝光敏感视蛋白和绿光敏感视蛋白）表达量增加；苏木精-伊红染色结果显示不同浓度BPS暴露会导致斑马鱼幼鱼视网膜及视网膜核层中神经节细胞层、内核层和外核层厚度显著降低；且对体长、头宽与眼睛直径数据的比较及皮尔逊相关性分析表明，BPS诱导15 dpf的斑马鱼幼鱼出现小眼现象。综上所述，BPS可能通过干扰视黄酸代谢影响斑马鱼早期视网膜发育，其对视觉系统的潜在健康风险需引起人们的广泛关注。Abstract: The plastic additive bisphenol S (BPS) has been widely used in various industrial and household products, and frequently detected in environmental and human samples. For the past few years, increasing concern has been focused on the visual toxicity of BPS. Here, after zebrafish embryos were exposed to BPS (1, 10, 100, and 1 000 μg·L-1) for 15 days, retinal histology and expression of genes involved in retinoic acid metabolism and opsin genes were examined to investigate the effect of BPS on the early visual development of larval zebrafish. The results showed that exposure to 10, 100 and 1 000 μg·L-1 BPS inhibited the expression of genes related to retinoic acid synthesis and the expression of neural retina leucine zipper gene (nrl) that related to photoreceptor cell development, while the expression of opsin genes (zfblue, zfuv and zfgr) was increased in 100 μg·L-1 and 1 000 μg·L-1 BPS groups. The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the thickness of the retina, the ganglion cell layer, the inner nuclear layer, and the outer nuclear layer was significantly decreased by different doses of BPS. In addition, BPS also induced small eyes in 15-dpf zebrafish larvae, based on Pearson correlation analysis of the body length, the head width, and the eye diameter. In summary, our study suggested that BPS probably affected early retinal development of zebrafish by interfering with retinoic acid metabolism, and its potential health risk to the visual system should arouse extensive attention.
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Key words:
- bisphenol S /
- zebrafish /
- visual toxicity /
- retinoic acid
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