微纳米塑料对陆生哺乳动物毒性效应的研究进展
Research Progress of Toxic Effects of Micro-nano Plastics on Terrestrial Mammals
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摘要: 微纳米塑料（micro-nano plastics，MNPs）是一种新型环境污染物，分布广泛、难以降解，在生物体内持久存在，同时也能作为其他污染物的载体，通过食物链进行污染物的转移，对人体健康具有潜在的严重威胁，已经受到广泛关注。MNPs对水生动物的毒性研究起步较早，对陆生哺乳动物的毒性效应和作用机制研究相对较少。本文从MNPs在动物体内的蓄积、分布、生殖毒性、炎症反应、神经毒性及对肠道菌群影响等方面进行了梳理和总结，系统分析了MNPs对人体健康的影响和主要风险点，并基于已有研究结果和存在问题，提出了MNPs生物学毒性研究未来的方向，以期为MNPs毒理学机制解析、生物学危害防范、毒性损伤修复及相关药物开发提供借鉴。Abstract: As a new type of environmental pollutant, micro-nano plastics (MNPs) are widely distributed and difficult to degrade. MNPs persist in organism and can also serve as carriers for other pollutants, facilitating the transfer of pollutants through the food chain. MNPs pose a potential serious threat to human health and have received extensive attention. While the toxicity of MNPs in aquatic animals has been studied extensively, the effects and mecha nisms of MNPs in terrestrial mammals remain elusive. This review summarizes the accumulation, distribution, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, induced inflammatory response and gut microbiota change of MNPs in animals. It also systematically analyzes the effects of MNPs on human health and identifies key risk factors of MNPs. Based on the previous findings and potential gaps, the review proposes future directions for the study of biological toxicity of MNPs. The aim is to contribute to the understanding of the toxicological mechanism, prevention of bio-hazards, toxic damage repair and the development of medicine in the field of MNPs.
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Key words:
- micro-nano plastics /
- gut microbiota /
- reproductive toxicity /
- inflammatory response /
- distribution
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