个人护理品中纳米二氧化钛调查及健康风险评价
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Personal Care Products and Titanium Health Risk Assessment to Adult Consumers
-
摘要: 纳米二氧化钛（TiO2 NPs）具有良好的紫外线吸收反射能力和较好的增白特性，常作为防晒剂和增白剂在个人护理品（personal care products，PCPs）中被广泛应用。因此含有TiO2 NPs的不同种类PCPs是否会存在潜在的健康风险已经成为环境毒理学领域的热点。针对这一问题，选择目前市售的23种PCPs，包括牙膏、防晒类、洁面类和面膜类产品，进行TiO2 NPs的含量检测，并利用单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（spICP-MS）分析部分PCPs中TiO2 NPs的粒径分布，最后结合美国环境保护局（US EPA）推荐的人体健康风险评价方法对这些PCPs中钛的健康风险进行评估。结果表明不同种类的PCPs中TiO2的含量差异较大，含量范围在16.8~14 264.2 mg·kg-1（以Ti计）之间；大部分PCPs都存在着TiO2 NPs，但不同种类的PCPs中最大频率粒径和平均粒径存在较大差异；检测的各类PCPs中钛的非致癌风险商在1.75×10-5~9.30×10-2之间，表明健康风险较小可以忽略。本研究成果为进一步研究PCPs中TiO2 NPs的生态和健康风险提供了基础数据，为TiO2 NPs的科学使用和管理提供了有力依据。Abstract: With its whiteness and shading properties, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) is widely used in personal care products (PCPs) as whitening agent and sun screening agent. The use of TiO2 NPs in PCPs raised concern about its impact on human health. Previous studies have shown that the exposure or intake of TiO2 NPs may lead to health risks to human digestive tract, cardiovascular system and nervous system. Therefore, whether different kinds of PCPs containing TiO2 NPs have potential health risks has become a hot spot in the field of environmental toxicology. In current study, 23 kinds of PCPs available on Chinese online or offline market were selected, including 9 kinds of toothpaste, 10 sunscreen products, 2 facial cleaner products, and 2 facial masks, and the content of TiO2 NPs was detected. The content of Ti in PCPs varied greatly, ranged from 16.8 to 14 264.2 mg·kg-1 (base on Ti mass), and not detected in one toothpaste and two sunscreen products. In some toothpastes and cleaner products, the Ti content weren't consistent with that labeled on the package. It indicates that the related government department should further strengthen the management of commodity labeling, especially for the nanomaterials. The health risk of Ti in different PCPs to adult consumers was evaluated using the human health risk assessment method, which was recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The hazard quotient (HQ) of Ti in toothpastes, sunscreen, cleaner, and mask products was 1.75×10-5~9.30×10-2. The HQ of Ti in the above PCPs samples was far less than 1, indicating that the risk is low and could be ignored. The particle size distribution of TiO2 in some products was analyzed using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (spICP-MS). Most products contained TiO2 NPs, but the size distribution was different between the samples according to the result of statistical analysis, in which the standard deviation was 0.046~0.105 nm. And the maximum frequency particle size and the average particle size between the PCPs also had a big difference (75~250 nm). However, the content of Ti in some sunscreen samples was high while TiO2 NPs was not detected using spICP-MS. This showed that the analytical method for TiO2 NPs size distribution using spICP-MS need to be further explored. The research provides fundamental data on the content and particle size distribution of TiO2 as well as the health risk of TiO2 NPs in PCPs. It also provides supporting information for the usage and management of TiO2 NPs.
-
-
Gázquez M J, Bolívar J P, Garcia-Tenorio R, et al. A review of the production cycle of titanium dioxide pigment[J]. Materials Sciences and Applications, 2014, 5(7):441-458 崔玉民, 王洪涛. 二氧化钛光催化技术在污水处理领域中应用[J]. 水处理技术, 2009, 35(4):9-12 , 17 Cui Y M, Wang H T. Application of titanium oxide photocatalytic technology in the field of sewage treatment[J]. Technology of Water Treatment, 2009, 35(4):9-12, 17(in Chinese)
王学川, 任龙芳, 强涛涛. 纳米材料在化妆品中的应用[J]. 日用化学品科学, 2006, 29(4):15-18 Wang X C, Ren L F, Qiang T T. Application of nano-material in cosmetics[J]. Detergent & Cosmetics, 2006, 29(4):15-18(in Chinese)
Hoseinnejad M, Jafari S M, Katouzian I. Inorganic and metal nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity in food packaging applications[J]. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 2018, 44(2):161-181 Ziental D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Mlynarczyk D T, et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles:Prospects and applications in medicine[J]. Nanomaterials, 2020, 10(2):387 Musial J, Krakowiak R, Mlynarczyk D T, et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products-what do we know about their safety?[J]. Nanomaterials, 2020, 10(6):1110-1133 国家食品药品监督管理总局. 化妆品安全技术规范[EB/OL]. (2015-12-23)[2022-01-31] https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/hzhp/hzhpggtg/hzhpqtgg/20151223120001986.html Zachariadis G A, Sahanidou E. Analytical performance of a fast multi-element method for titanium and trace elements determination in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals by ICP-AES[J]. Central European Journal of Chemistry, 2011, 9(2):213-217 Botta C, Labille J, Auffan M, et al. TiO2-based nanoparticles released in water from commercialized sunscreens in a life-cycle perspective:Structures and quantities[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159(6):1543-1550 Contado C, Pagnoni A. TiO2 nano- and micro-particles in commercial foundation creams:Field flow-fractionation techniques together with ICP-AES and SQW voltammetry for their characterization[J]. Analytical Methods, 2010, 2(8):1112-1124 Weir A, Westerhoff P, Fabricius L, et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(4):2242-2250 王传庆. 防晒化妆品中二氧化钛含量的测定[J]. 安徽电子信息职业技术学院学报, 2006, 5(6):121-122 陈昌, 冯燕华, 戴士乔. 化妆品中二氧化钛含量的测定[J]. 科技风, 2010(22):263-264 Baranowska-Wójcik E, Szwajgier D, Oleszczuk P, et al. Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure on human health-A review[J]. Biological Trace Element Research, 2020, 193(1):118-129 Luo Z, Li Z Q, Xie Z, et al. Rethinking nano-TiO2 safety:Overview of toxic effects in humans and aquatic animals[J]. Small, 2020, 16(36):e2002019 王江雪, 李炜, 刘颖, 等. 二氧化钛纳米材料的环境健康和生态毒理效应[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2008, 3(2):105-113 Wang J X, Li W, Liu Y, et al. Environmental health and ecotoxicological effect of titanium dioxide nanomaterials[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2008, 3(2):105-113(in Chinese)
张智, 杨浩, 郭衡, 等. 纳米TiO2的健康风险与环境毒性研究进展[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2017, 42(3):52-56 Zhang Z, Yang H, Guo H, et al. Research progresses in health risk and environmental toxicity effects of nano-sized TiO2[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2017, 42(3):52-56(in Chinese)
Dréno B, Alexis A, Chuberre B, et al. Safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cosmetics[J]. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2019, 33(S7):34-46 刘焕亮, 袭著革, 张华山, 等. 3种典型纳米材料对大鼠肺的毒性效应[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2010, 27(4):299-302 , 377 Liu H L, Xi Z G, Zhang H S, et al. Pulmonary toxicity of three typical nanomaterials on rats[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2010, 27(4):299-302, 377(in Chinese)
Adler B L, DeLeo V A. Sunscreen safety:A review of recent studies on humans and the environment[J]. Current Dermatology Reports, 2020, 9(1):1-9 侯东颖, 冯佳, 谢树莲. 纳米二氧化钛胁迫对普生轮藻的毒性效应[J]. 环境科学学报, 2012, 32(6):1481-1486 Hou D Y, Feng J, Xie S L. Toxic effects of nanoparticle TiO2 stress on Chara vulgaris L[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012, 32(6):1481-1486(in Chinese)
Mishra V, Baranwal V, Mishra R K, et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles augment allergic airway inflammation and Socs3 expression via NF-[QX(Y12#] κ B pathway in murine model of asthma[J]. Biomaterials, 2016, 92:90-102 Fuster E, Candela H, Estévez J, et al. Titanium dioxide, but not zinc oxide, nanoparticles cause severe transcriptomic alterations in T98G human glioblastoma cells[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(4):2084 李伟. 食品中纳米二氧化钛的健康风险评价研究:以食品口香糖为例[D]. 长春:东北师范大学, 2019:12-14 Li W. Health risk assessment of nano-titanium dioxide in food:A case study on chewing gum[D]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University, 2019:12 -14(in Chinese)
United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume I:Human health evaluation manual (Part E, supplemental guidance for dermal risk assessment)[R/OL]. (2020-01-29)[2021-06-23]. https://www.epa.gov/risk/risk-assessment-guidance-superfund-rags-part-e Mackevica A, Olsson M E, Hansen S F. Quantitative characterization of TiO2 nanoparticle release from textiles by conventional and single particle ICP-MS[J]. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2018, 20(1):6 Salou S, Larivière D, Cirtiu C M, et al. Quantification of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human urine by single-particle ICP-MS[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2021, 413(1):171-181 梁维新, 刘宁, 郭鹏然, 等. 超声辅助提取/单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定防晒化妆品中的纳米二氧化钛[J]. 分析测试学报, 2018, 37(10):1238-1243 Liang W X, Liu N, Guo P R, et al. Determination of nano-TiO2 in sunscreen by single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with ultrasound-assisted extraction[J]. Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 2018, 37(10):1238-1243(in Chinese)
王丹红, 唐庆强, 陈祥明, 等. 食品中纳米二氧化钛的单颗粒-电感耦合等离子质谱法表征及其测定[J]. 福建分析测试, 2018, 27(5):1-5 Wang D H, Tang Q Q, Chen X M, et al. Characterization and determination of titanium dioxide nanoparticle in foods using single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Fujian Analysis & Testing, 2018, 27(5):1-5(in Chinese)
国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 化妆品名词术语:GB/T 27578-2011[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2012 Liang D Y, Wang X R, Liu S, et al. Factors determining the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials to Tetrahymena thermophila in freshwater:The critical role of organic matter[J]. Environmental Science:Nano, 2020, 7(1):304-316 江媛媛, 付庆龙, 施维林, 等. 抗菌消费品中纳米银含量调查及银的健康风险评价[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2016, 11(5):57-64 Jiang Y Y, Fu Q L, Shi W L, et al. Contents of nanosilver in commercially antimicrobial products and silver health risk assessment to adult consumers[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2016, 11(5):57-64(in Chinese)
王宗爽, 段小丽, 刘平, 等. 环境健康风险评价中我国居民暴露参数探讨[J]. 环境科学研究, 2009, 22(10):1164-1170 Wang Z S, Duan X L, Liu P, et al. Human exposure factors of Chinese people in environmental health risk assessment[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2009, 22(10):1164-1170(in Chinese)
段小丽, 王宗爽, 李琴, 等. 基于参数实测的水中重金属暴露的健康风险研究[J]. 环境科学, 2011, 32(5):1329-1339 Duan X L, Wang Z S, Li Q, et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water based on field measurement of exposure factors of Chinese people[J]. Environmental Science, 2011, 32(5):1329-1339(in Chinese)
段小丽, 聂静, 王宗爽, 等. 健康风险评价中人体暴露参数的国内外研究概况[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2009, 26(4):370-373 Duan X L, Nie J, Wang Z S, et al. Human exposure factors in health risk assessment[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2009, 26(4):370-373(in Chinese)
Wu F, Hicks A L. Estimating human exposure to titanium dioxide from personal care products through a social survey approach[J]. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2020, 16(1):10-16 Wang Y, Wu F C, Liu Y D, et al. Effect doses for protection of human health predicted from physicochemical properties of metals/metalloids[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 232:458-466 Lorenz C, Tiede K R, Tear S, et al. Imaging and characterization of engineered nanoparticles in sunscreens by electron microscopy, under wet and dry conditions[J]. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2010, 16(4):406-428 Lu P J, Fang S W, Cheng W L, et al. Characterization of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen powder by comparing different measurement methods[J]. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 2018, 26(3):1192-1200 Philippe A, Košík J, Welle A, et al. Extraction and characterization methods for titanium dioxide nanoparticles from commercialized sunscreens[J]. Environmental Science:Nano, 2018, 5(1):191-202 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2184
- HTML全文浏览数: 2184
- PDF下载数: 61
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
