腐殖酸对纳米氧化锌致斑马鱼毒性的缓解作用
Mitigation Effects of Humic Acid on Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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摘要: 利用动态光散射（dynamic light scattering，DLS）探究了腐殖酸（humic acid，HA）对纳米氧化锌（ZnO-NPs）悬浮液Zeta电位和水动力直径的影响，并以斑马鱼为受试生物，将ZnO-NPs （0、1、5、10和20 mg·L-1）、ZnO-NPs （20 mg·L-1）+HA （0、3、6、12和24 mg·L-1，以碳计）对斑马鱼胚胎进行96 hpf暴露，研究ZnO-NPs对斑马鱼胚胎的急性毒性效应以及HA对ZnO-NPs致斑马鱼胚胎毒性的缓解作用及其机理。结果显示，ZnO-NPs在水中Zeta电位绝对值随浓度增加而降低，水动力直径增大，呈现浓度-效应关系，这表明ZnO-NPs在溶液中极易发生团聚。加入不同浓度的HA后，HA吸附在ZnO-NPs表面，增加了ZnO-NPs的Zeta电位绝对值，降低其水动力直径，这表明HA减少了ZnO-NPs的团聚。ZnO-NPs使斑马鱼胚胎的存活率降低，存在剂量-效应关系，而HA的加入使暴露在ZnO-NPs中的斑马鱼胚胎存活率升高，通过显微观察发现，ZnO-NPs团聚后易粘附于斑马鱼胚胎绒毛膜表面，导致了纳米颗粒与斑马鱼胚胎的接触概率和时间增加，HA的加入使胚胎绒毛膜表面粘附的纳米颗粒减少。HA的加入可显著降低生物有机体内的自由基水平，使抵御氧化应激的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性逐渐恢复正常。结果显示，HA的加入缓解了ZnO-NPs致斑马鱼胚胎的毒性，其作用机理主要通过降低ZnO-NPs的团聚作用及其引起的氧化应激行为。Abstract: In our study, dynamic light scattering (DLS) was applied to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) on Zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameters of oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) suspension. Subsequently, the acute toxicities induced by ZnO-NPs were examined via exposing zebrafish embryos to ZnO-NPs (0, 1, 5, 10, 20 mg·L-1) and the mitigation effects and mechanisms of HA on the acute toxicities were explored by the combined exposure of ZnO-NPs (20 mg·L-1) and HA (0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mg·L-1) during 96 hpf. Our results showed that increased ZnO-NPs concentrations significantly decreased the absolute values of Zeta potential and enlarged the hydrodynamic diameter of ZnO-NPs, indicating that ZnO-NPs are easy to agglomerate in solution. HA can adsorb on the surface of ZnO-NPs. Different concentrations of HA can increase the absolute values of Zeta potential of ZnO-NPs and reduce their hydrodynamic diameter, which indicates that HA can reduce the agglomeration of ZnO-NPs. These results also showed that ZnO-NPs reduced the survival rate of zebrafish embryos in a dose-effect relationship, while HA increased the survival rate of zebrafish embryos exposed to ZnO-NPs. Under microscopy, the adhesion of ZnO-NPs on the embryonic chorionic surface was detected. So the contact probability and time between nanoparticles and zebrafish embryos were increased. HA can reduce the adhesion of ZnO-NPs on the embryonic chorionic surface. In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured, and the results showed that ZnO-NPs induced oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos, and increased the activities of CAT and SOD in zebrafish. The addition of HA can significantly reduce the level of free radicals in biological organisms and gradually restore the activities of SOD and CAT against oxidative stress. The results showed that the addition of HA mitigated the toxicity of ZnO-NPs on zebrafish embryos and its mechanism was involved in reducing the aggregation of ZnO-NPs and the oxidative stress in the organisms.
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Key words:
- humic acid /
- ZnO-NPs /
- zebrafish embryo /
- acute toxicity /
- oxidative stress
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