成都市地表水中三氯生和避蚊胺的浓度分析及生态风险
Concentration Analysis and Ecological Risk of Triclosan and Diethyltoluamide in Surface Water of Chengdu, China
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摘要: 为探究成都市地表水中三氯生和避蚊胺的浓度水平和潜在的生态风险，在2017年5月采集并分析了成都市主城区和都江堰地区水体中共20个样品。使用固相萃取富集，N-（特丁基二甲基硅）-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺衍生化，气相色谱质谱法测定了三氯生、甲基三氯生和避蚊胺在成都市地表水中的浓度。搜集并筛选出三氯生和避蚊胺对淡水生物的慢性毒性数据，构建了基于对数正态分布模型的物种敏感度（species sensitivity distribution，SSD）曲线，并利用风险商和联合概率曲线法对成都市地表水中的三氯生和避蚊胺进行多层次生态风险评价。浓度水平结果显示，三氯生和避蚊胺在所有有效样品中均有检出。三氯生在主城区河道的浓度水平（13～77.2 ng·L-1）高于都江堰地区（0.7～4.95 ng·L-1）。类似地，避蚊胺在主城区河道采样点中的浓度水平（17.0～103.1 ng·L-1）高于都江堰地区（0.7～16.2 ng·L-1）。所有样点均未检出甲基三氯生。生态风险评价结果显示，以种群、行为和生物化学指标为测试终点的慢性毒性数据推导出的预测无效应浓度（predicted no effect concentration，PNEC）分别为22.8 ng·L-1（三氯生）和25.7 ng·L-1（避蚊胺）。三氯生和避蚊胺在都江堰上游风险商<1，主城区风险商<4。成都市地表水中，三氯生对1%~5%的水生生物造成慢性毒性影响的概率为82.72%~26.89%，避蚊胺对1%~5%的水生生物造成慢性毒性影响的概率为67.25%~2.529%。2种目标物的浓度与电导率、溶解氧等水质参数之间存在显著的相关性。Abstract: In order to investigate the concentration level and the potential ecological risk of triclosan and diethyltoluamide (DEET) in surface water of Chengdu, 20 water samples were collected from the rivers in urban area of Chengdu and Dujiangyan, which were further pretreated and analyzed in May, 2017. Solid-phase extraction technique was used to extract and purify samples, and N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) was used as the derivatization reagent of triclosan. The concentrations of triclosan and DEET were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The chronic ecotoxicity data of triclosan and DEET for the freshwater organisms were collected and selected, and the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves were constructed based on lognormal distribution model. The multiple-level ecological risk assessment of triclosan and DEET to the surface water of Chengdu City was processed using harzard quotient (HQ) and joint probability curve. The results showed that triclosan and DEET existed in all the effective samples. The concentrations of triclosan in the river of Chengdu urban area (13~77.2 ng·L-1) was higher than that in the Dujiangyan District (0.7~4.95 ng·L-1). Similarly, the concentrations of DEET in the urban area (17.0~103.1 ng·L-1) were higher than that in the Dujiangyan District (0.7~16.2 ng·L-1). Methyl triclosan was not detected in any sampling sites. Results of risk assessment showed that the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs), which derived from chronic toxicity data which were based on the endpoints of population, behavior and biochemistry, were 22.8 ng·L-1 for triclosan and 25.7 ng·L-1 for DEET, respectively. The hazard quotients (HQs) for triclosan and DEET were less than 1 in the river upstream of Dujiangyan District, while the HQs were less than 4 in the river of main urban area. The probability of triclosan causing chronic toxicity to 1%~5% aquatic organisms was 82.72%~26.89%. The probability of DEET causing chronic toxicity to 1%~5% aquatic organisms was 67.25%~2.529%. Significant correlations existed between concentrations of two targets and the water quality parameters including conductivity and dissolved oxygen, were observed.
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Key words:
- triclosan /
- diethyltoluamide /
- personal care products /
- urban surface water /
- ecological risk /
- Chengdu
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