重庆市垃圾处理厂和污水处理厂中典型环境内分泌干扰物的排放特征
Emission Characteristics of Typical Environmental Estrogens from Waste Treatment Plants and Sewage Treatment Plants in Chongqing
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摘要: 为了研究重庆市典型污染源中酚类环境雌激素（phenolic environmental estrogens，PEEs）和邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalic acid esters，PAEs）的排放特征，评估其对长江水域环境的潜在风险，选取了重庆市人口或工业分布密集、污水排放量大的3家垃圾处理厂和16家污水处理厂作为研究对象，检测了进水和出水中3种PEEs和16种PAEs的浓度，并采用风险商（risk quotient，RQ）法和各物质的雌二醇（estradiol，E2）当量（estradiol equivalent quantity，EEQ）分别评估了出水中主要PEEs和PAEs的生态风险水平和雌激素活性效应。结果表明，在进出水中均检测到3种PEEs和11种PAEs，其中垃圾渗滤液中PEEs （11.07~278.41 μg·L-1）和PAEs （25.83~97.17 μg·L-1）的总浓度最高，工业污水处理厂的进水最低（分别为0.04~13.97 μg·L-1和0.14~4.69 μg·L-1），出水中PEEs和PAEs的浓度相当（分别为0.05~8.96 μg·L-1和1.37~4.19 μg·L-1）。各污染源对辛基酚（4-tert-octylphenol，4-t-OP）和邻苯二甲酸二壬酯（dinonyl phthalate，DNP）的平均去除率达到88%和95%；其中，膜分离技术去除效果最好，活性污泥和氧化沟技术去除率较低。出水中生态风险和雌激素活性最高的化合物均为壬基酚（4-nonylphenol，4-NP），表明4-NP对水环境中的生物存在一定的潜在风险。Abstract: To investigate the emission characteristics of phenolic environmental estrogens (PEEs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) from sewage treatment plants (STPs) and waste treatment plants (WTPs) in Chongqing, and to assess their potential risks to the Yangtze River Basin, the concentrations of 3 PEEs and 16 PAEs in influent and effluent of 3 WTPs and 16 STPs in Chongqing were analyzed, and the ecological risk levels and estrogenic effects in effluent were assessed as well. 3 PEEs and 11 PAEs were detected in the influent and effluent. Highest concentrations of PEEs and PAEs were detected in landfill leachate, with total concentrations ranging from 11.07~278.41 μg·L-1 and 25.83~97.17 μg·L-1, respectively; while the lowest was detected in influent of industrial sewage treatment plants, with total concentrations ranging from 0.04~13.97 μg·L-1 and 0.14~4.69 μg·L-1, respectively. Similar concentrations for PEEs and PAEs were found in the effluent, ranging from 0.05~8.96 μg·L-1 and 1.37~4.19 μg·L-1, respectively. The average removal rates of 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) and dinonyl phthalate (DNP) were up to 88% and 95%, respectively. Membrane separation technology were more effective in removing estrogens from waste, while activated sludge and oxidation ditch had lower removal efficiency. Nonylphenol (4-NP) showed the highest ecological risk and estrogenic activity in the effluents, indicating a potential risk to organisms in aquatic environment.
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