草甘膦对苦草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响
Effects of Glyphosate on Germination and Growth of Vallisneria natans
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摘要: 草甘膦除草剂在农业生产中应用较广，对水生生态系统存在潜在风险。为探究草甘膦对沉水植物的毒性效应，以苦草种子为受试对象，设置1个对照组和7个草甘膦（0.05、0.20、0.80、3.20、12.80、51.20和204.80 mg·L-1）处理组，进行静态水培试验。结果表明，草甘膦可刺激苦草种子萌发，其中51.20 mg·L-1处理组发芽率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。0.05～3.20 mg·L-1草甘膦处理对苦草幼苗叶长和鲜质量有促进作用。12.80～204.80 mg·L-1草甘膦处理可抑制苦草生长，影响幼苗存活率。草甘膦对幼苗根长、叶长和鲜质量的21 d半数抑制浓度分别为13.28、25.57和35.53 mg·L-1。51.20 mg·L-1和204.80 mg·L-1草甘膦处理组幼苗成活率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。0.05～12.80 mg·L-1草甘膦处理对苦草幼苗可溶性蛋白质含量无显著影响，未引起幼苗总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量的显著升高，对叶绿体色素含量有低促高抑现象，其中12.8 mg·L-1处理组幼苗叶绿素a含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究表明，草甘膦可刺激苦草种子萌发，对苦草生长及叶绿体色素含量存在低剂量促进、高剂量抑制的毒物兴奋效应，在一定程度上，苦草可通过生理调节缓解草甘膦胁迫。研究为评估草甘膦对沉水植物毒性和水生态风险提供参考。Abstract: Glyphosate herbicide, which has potential risks to aquatic ecosystem, is widely used in agricultural production. To explore the toxic effects of glyphosate on submerged plants, a static hydroponic experiment was designed taken seeds of Vallisneria natans as sample, which included eight groups (0, 0.05, 0.20, 0.80, 3.20, 12.80, 51.20, 204.80 mg·L-1 glyphosate). The results indicated that glyphosate promote germination of Vallisneria natans seed, wherein the germination rate significantly increased at 51.20 mg·L-1 compared with blank control (P<0.05). The leaf length and fresh weight of Vallisneria natans seedlings also increased among 0.05~3.20 mg·L-1. However, the growth and survival rate were suppressed when the concentration was above 12.80 mg·L-1. The median inhibitory concentrations on growth of root and leaf, and increase of seedling fresh weight, were 13.28, 25.57 and 35.53 mg·L-1, respectively. Besides, the survival rate of seedling significantly decreased at 51.20 mg·L-1 and 204.80 mg·L-1 compared with blank control (P<0.05). The pigment content in chloroplast was promoted at low concentration of glyphosate, and inhibited at higher concentration, e.g., 12.8 mg·L-1 glyphosate inhibited chlorophyll a content compared with the control. Content of soluble protein, total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) did not significantly change among 0.05~12.80 mg·L-1 (P<0.05). In a whole, glyphosate could promote germination of Vallisneria natans, and had hormesis on growth rate and chloroplast pigment content, which might alleviate glyphosate stress under Vallisneria natans via physiological regulation. This study provides a reference for assessment of glyphosate toxicity to submerged plant and risk to aquatic ecology.
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Key words:
- glyphosate /
- Vallisneria natans /
- germination rate /
- growth inhibition /
- hormesis
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