-
目前,抗生素已被广泛应用于医疗、水产和畜禽养殖业等,在人类和动物疾病防治等方面发挥极大的作用,但进入各类水体中的抗生素污染物对水生生态系统和人体健康造成了严重威胁[1]。与其他类型的废水相比,抗生素废水具有毒性大、成分复杂、有机物浓度高以及可生化性差等特点,传统的废水处理方法效果不佳[2]。因此,亟需研发去除水中抗生素污染物的高效降解技术。
光催化作为一种绿色高效的技术已受到了广泛关注,近年来,Bi系半导体光催化剂被大量报道,如Bi2O3[3-4]、BiWO6[5]、BiVO4[6]、BiMoO6[7]、BiOX(X=Cl,Br,I)[8-10]。其中,Bi2O3已被证明是一种很有前途的可见光响应催化剂,其具有独特的性能,如有相对窄带隙(2.5~2.8 eV),深的价带(EVB=3.13 eV)、环境友好、稳定性能好等[11]。然而,Bi2O3仍存在一些局限性,如光生电子/空穴对的快速复合,其导带边缘的电位(ECB=0.33 eV)不足以激发电子还原氧分子,导致Bi2O3的光催化活性较低,从而在较大程度上限制了其在净化水中的实际应用[12]。金属离子掺杂或与其他半导体的耦合,常被用来提高Bi2O3的光催化活性,比如原子掺杂[13]、修饰形成壳核纳米结构[14]、异质结的构建[15-16]等。
过一硫酸盐(PMS)[17]是可代替H2O2的一种氧化剂,固体PMS稳定、方便运输和储存,其非对称结构容易被过渡金属离子、紫外光和热等活化[18-19]。其中,过渡金属催化过一硫酸盐氧化技术,由于成本低,活化能力强和较低的能耗被认为是有潜力的高级氧化技术[20]。Cu、Fe、Mn和Co已被证明能激活PMS[21]。CuO通过Cu2+/Cu+的氧化还原循环,可促进PMS持续有效地活化并提高污染物的氧化去除率[22-24]。过渡金属离子活化的均相体系操作简单方便,然而过渡金属离子(Fe2+等)易被氧化或沉淀,导致催化剂不能重复利用,不仅导致
${\rm{SO}}_4^{ - \cdot }$ 减少,而且出水铁离子浓度过高并产生大量含铁化学污泥[25]。本研究利用沉淀-浸渍法成功地制备了一种可见光响应的复合催化剂CuO/Bi2O3,并将光催化技术和过一硫酸盐氧化进行耦合,构建了CuO/Bi2O3+Vis+PMS催化氧化体系,以盐酸四环素(TC-HCl)为目标污染物,考察了不同催化体系对于TC-HCl降解的活性和影响因素,以及催化剂的稳定性,并探讨了可见光响应的复合催化剂CuO/Bi2O3催化降解TC-HCl的光催化活化PMS的反应机理。
CuO/Bi2O3光催化耦合过一硫酸盐氧化降解盐酸四环素
Oxidative degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by CuO/Bi2O3 photocatalysis coupling with peroxymonosulfate
-
摘要: 利用共沉淀-浸渍法合成了基于可见光响应的CuO/Bi2O3复合催化剂,并对其光催化活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)去抗生素盐酸四环素(TC-HCl)的性能进行了探究。分别运用XRD、XPS、FESEM、UV-Vis DRS等技术对催化剂进行了结构以及形貌的表征。考察了PMS浓度、催化剂投加量及pH对TC-HCl去除的影响。结果表明:CuO的掺杂有利于提高Bi2O3的可见光催化性能,也增强了对PMS的活化;在可见光照射100 min、催化剂的用量为0.2 g·L−1、PMS的投加量为10 mmol·L−1的条件下,CuO/Bi2O3复合催化剂对初始浓度为40 mg·L−1的TC-HCl的降解率可达到99.6%;
${\rm{SO}}_4^{ - \cdot }$ 和·OH是催化降解TC-HCl的主要活性物种;该复合催化剂具有很好的稳定性。以上研究结果可为探索新型非均相催化剂在抗生素废水处理的应用提供参考。-
关键词:
- CuO/Bi2O3复合催化剂 /
- 光催化 /
- 过一硫酸盐 /
- 盐酸四环素
Abstract: In the study, the CuO/Bi2O3 composite catalyst based on visible light response was synthesized by co-precipitation-impregnating method, then its photocatalytic-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and BPA degradation were evaluated. The structure and morphology of the catalyst were analyzed by XRD, XPS, FESEM, and UV-Vis DRS. The effects of the operational parameters including PMS concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH on photocatalytic degradation of TC-HCl were investigated. The results showed that doping CuO was beneficial to improve the visible light catalytic performance of Bi2O3 and also enhance the activation of PMS. Under the conditions such as the catalyst dosage of 0.2 g·L−1, 100 min visible light irradiation, PMS concentration of 10 mmol·L−1, the degradation rate of TC-HCl solution with initial concentration of 40 mg·L−1 could reach 99.6% by the CuO/Bi2O3 composite catalyst. The quenching experiments of free radicals demonstrated that${\rm{SO}}_4^{ - \cdot }$ and ·OH were the main active species for catalytic degradation of TC-HCl. The cycle experiments proved that the composite catalyst had good stability. The research can provide reference for exploring the application of new heterogeneous catalysts in antibiotic wastewater treatment. -
表 1 CuO/Bi2O3与其他催化剂降解TC-HCl的比较
Table 1. Comparison of TC-HCl degradation between CuO/Bi2O3 and other catalysts
-
[1] 张玲, 王文文, 常红玉, 等. 抗生素废水处理方法的研究进展[J]. 广州化工, 2020, 48(5): 30-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9677.2020.05.016 [2] 郭鹏飞, 曾旭, 姚国栋, 等. 催化湿式氧化技术用于抗生素废水处理的研究进展[J]. 河南化工, 2020, 37(2): 1-3. [3] 蒋辽川, 丁勇能, 彭学雅, 等. g-C3N4/Bi2O3复合材料的制备及其光催化降解性能的研究[J]. 广州化工, 2019, 47(18): 37-39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9677.2019.18.017 [4] 刘一鸣, 张曦, 陈芳艳, 等. Ag3PO4/Bi2O3异质结光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究[J]. 江苏科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 33(5): 89-96. [5] PENG D J, ZOU Z G, LONG F, et al. Solid state synthesis of nonstoichiometric Bi2WO6/Bi2O3 composites as visible-light photocatalyst[J]. Ionics, 2016, 22(12): 2347-2353. doi: 10.1007/s11581-016-1762-6 [6] SAISON T, CHEMIN N, CHANEAC C, et al. Bi2O3, BiVO4, and Bi2WO6: Impact of surface properties on photocatalytic activity under visible light[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(13): 5657-5666. doi: 10.1021/jp109134z [7] LI S J, HU S W, ZHANG J L, et al. Facile synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles anchored on Bi2MoO6 microflowers with improved visible light photocatalytic activity[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2017, 497: 93-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.069 [8] SHAN L W, WANG G L, LIU L Z, et al. Band alignment and enhanced photocatalytic activation for alpha-Bi2O3/BiOCl(001) core-shell heterojunction[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2015, 406: 145-151. doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.05.024 [9] TANG X D, WANG Z R, WU N, et al. A novel visible-light-active beta-Bi2O3/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalyst with remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity[J]. Catalysis Communications, 2019, 119: 119-123. doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.10.025 [10] HE R A, CHENG K Y, WEI Z Y, et al. Room-temperature in situ fabrication and enhanced photocatalytic activity of direct Z-scheme BiOI/g-C3N4 photocatalyst[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 465: 964-972. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.09.217 [11] LU Y, XU L J, LIU C L, et al. Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of composite magnetic photocatalyst MnxZn1−xFe2O4/alpha-Bi2O3[J]. Materials Technology, 2019, 34(5): 301-311. doi: 10.1080/10667857.2018.1554229 [12] HU J L, LI H M, HUANG C J, et al. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3 under visible light irradiation by Cu(Ⅱ) clusters modification[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2013, 142: 598-603. [13] XUE S S, HE H B, FAN Q Z, et al. La/Ce-codoped Bi2O3 composite photocatalysts with high photocatalytic performance in removal of high concentration dye[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 2017, 60: 70-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.09.022 [14] KONG J J, XIAN F L, WANG Y Q, et al. Boosting interfacial interaction in hierarchical core-shell nanostructure for highly effective visible photocatalytic performance[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2018, 122(11): 6137-6143. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b00040 [15] ZHANG L P, WANG G H, XIONG Z Z, et al. Fabrication of flower-like direct Z-scheme beta-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 photocatalyst with enhanced visible light photoactivity for rhodamine B degradation[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 436: 162-171. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.280 [16] HE R A, ZHOU J Q, FU H Q, et al. Room-temperature in situ fabrication of Bi2O3/g-C3N4 direct Z-scheme photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 430: 273-282. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.191 [17] 王霁, 董正玉, 吴丽颖, 等. 纳米铁酸铜催化剂活化过一硫酸盐降解苯胺废水[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2019, 41(3): 334-338. [18] CHEN X, ZHOU J B, ZHANG T L, et al. Enhanced degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride using photocatalysis and sulfate radical-based oxidation processes by Co/BiVO4 composites[J]. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2019, 32: 1-8. [19] WANG Y B, CAO D, ZHAO X. Heterogeneous degradation of refractory pollutants by peroxymonosulfate activated by CoOx-doped ordered mesoporous carbon[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 328: 1112-1121. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.042 [20] SHAO H X, ZHAO X, WANG Y B, et al. Synergetic activation of peroxymonosulfate by Co3O4 modified g-C3N4 for enhanced degradation of diclofenac sodium under visible light irradiation[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017, 218: 810-818. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.07.016 [21] LI W, LI Y X, ZHANG D Y, et al. CuO-Co3O4@CeO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst for efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by peroxymonosulfate[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 381: 121209. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121209 [22] YANG Z Y, DAI D J, YAO Y Y, et al. Extremely enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species for oxidation of pollutants from peroxymonosulfate induced by a supported copper oxide catalyst[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 322: 546-555. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.018 [23] LI J, YE P, FANG J, et al. Peroxymonosulfate activation and pollutants degradation over highly dispersed CuO in manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 422: 754-762. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.118 [24] FARSHID G, NEMATOLLAH J. Graphite-supported CuO catalyst for heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate activation to oxidize direct orange 26: The effect of influential parameters[J]. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2017, 43(8): 4623-4637. doi: 10.1007/s11164-017-2901-z [25] 白妮, 王爱民, 孙志勇, 等. 粉煤灰负载Fe2+/Cu2+非均相催化H2O2降解甲基橙研究[J]. 非金属矿, 2016, 39(5): 38-40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8098.2016.05.013 [26] DING Y B, PAN C, PENG X Q, et al. Deep mineralization of bisphenol A by catalytic peroxymonosulfate activation with nano CuO/Fe3O4 with strong Cu-Fe interaction[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 384: 2-15. [27] WANG Q, WU X Q, ZHANG L. Designed of bifunctional Z-scheme CuSnO3@Cu2O heterojunctions film for photoelectrochemical catalytic reduction and ultrasensitive sensing nitrobenzene[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 361: 398-407. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.079 [28] YU J J, KIWI J, WANG T H, et al. Evidence for a dual mechanism in the TiO2/CuxO photocatalyst during the degradation of sulfamethazine under solar or visible light: Critical issues[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2019, 375: 270-279. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.02.033 [29] LIU W, ZHOU J B, ZHOU J. Facile fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/alpha-Bi2O3 nanosheets composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity for doxycycline degradation under visible light irradiation[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2019, 54(4): 3294-3308. doi: 10.1007/s10853-018-3090-x [30] REDDY K H, PARIDA K, SATAPATHY P K. CuO/PbTiO3: A new-fangled p-n junction designed for the efficient absorption of visible light with augmented interfacial charge transfer, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic activities[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5(38): 20359-20373. doi: 10.1039/C7TA05206E [31] OH J T, CHOWDHURY S R, LEE T I, et al. Synergetic influence of Au/Cu2O core-shells nanoparticle on optical, photo-electrochemical, and catalytic activities of Au/Cu2O/TiO2 nanocomposite[J]. Dyes and Pigments, 2019, 160: 936-943. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.09.003 [32] YUE Y M, ZHANG P X, WANG W, et al. Enhanced dark adsorption and visible-light-driven photocatalytic properties of narrower-band-gap Cu2S decorated Cu2O nanocomposites for efficient removal of organic pollutants[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 384: 121302. [33] PUANGPETCH T, SOMMAKETTARIN P, CHAVADE S, et al. Hydrogen production from water splitting over Eosin Y-sensitized mesoporous-assembled perovskite titanate nanocrystal photocatalysts under visible light irradiation[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35(22): 12428-12442. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.138 [34] SHI Y Y, LUO L J, ZHANG Y F, et al. Synthesis and characterization of porous platelet-shaped alpha-Bi2O3 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for 17 alpha-thynylestradiol[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2018, 53(2): 1049-1064. doi: 10.1007/s10853-017-1553-0 [35] 张明明, 李静, 龚焱, 等. 铁酸锰纳米球修饰石墨相氮化碳光催化活化过一硫酸盐去除双酚A[J]. 环境工程学报, 2019, 13(1): 9-19. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201807189 [36] YANG J L, ZHU M S, DIONYSIOU D D. What is the role of light in persulfate-based advanced oxidation for water treatment?[J]. Water Research, 2021, 189: 116627-116630. [37] DENG J, YA C, GE Y J, et al. Activation of peroxymonosulfate by metal (Fe, Mn, Cu and Ni) doping ordered mesoporous Co3O4 for the degradation of enrofloxacin[J]. RSC Advances, 2018, 8(5): 2338-2349. doi: 10.1039/C7RA07841B [38] HU L M, ZHANG G S, LIU M, et al. Enhanced degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) by peroxymonosulfate with Co3O4-Bi2O3 catalyst activation: Effects of pH, inorganic anions, and water matrix[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 338: 300-310. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.016 [39] ZHANG Z Y, JIANG D l, XING C S, et al. Novel AgI-decorated beta-Bi2O3 nanosheet heterostructured Z-scheme photocatalysts for efficient degradation of organic pollutants with enhanced performance[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2015, 44(25): 11582-11591. doi: 10.1039/C5DT00298B [40] WU K, QIN Z G, ZHANG X S, et al. Z-scheme BiOCl/Bi-Bi2O3 heterojunction with oxygen vacancy for excellent degradation performance of antibiotics and dyes[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2020, 55(9): 4017-4029. doi: 10.1007/s10853-019-04300-2 [41] JIA S C, FENG Y T, ZHAN Q F, et al. The solvothermal synthesis of novel beta-Bi2O3/(BiO)4(OH)2CO3 heterojunctions and its photocatalytic activity[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2020, 31(5): 4050-4057. doi: 10.1007/s10854-020-02952-4 [42] SHAO, B B, LIU Z F, ZENG G M, et al. Nitrogen-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres modified g-C3N4/Bi2O3 direct dual semiconductor photocatalytic system with enhanced antibiotics degradation under visible light[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018, 6(12): 16424-16436. [43] LI G H, DIMITRIJEVIC N M. CHEN L, et al Role of surface/interfacial Cu2+ sites in the photocatalytic activity of coupled CuO-TiO2 nanocomposites[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112(48): 19040-19044. doi: 10.1021/jp8068392 [44] HUANG H, MA C C, ZHU Z, et al. Insights into enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of t-Se nanorods/BiOCl ultrathin nanosheets 1D/2D heterojunctions[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 338: 218-229. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.012