环鄱阳湖区水稻-土壤有机氯农药污染及健康风险评价
Distribution and health risk assessment of organ chlorine pesticides in rice and soil in the area around Poyang Lake
-
摘要: 针对环鄱阳湖区水稻和土壤中有机氯农药的污染状况,从环鄱阳湖区11个县市采集水稻及土壤样品,利用GC-ECD对有机氯残留进行测定,并利用健康风险评价模型对该地区水稻中有机氯残留所致风险进行评价.结果表明,环鄱阳湖区水稻及土壤中六六六、滴滴涕、七氯、六氯苯、氯丹均有检出,其中DDTs和HCHs含量较高,土壤中二者平均含量分别为6.25μg·kg-1和10.64μg·kg-1,水稻中二者平均含量分别为4.65μg·kg-1和9.16μg·kg-1,DDTs和HCHs是主要的有机氯污染物;土壤有机氯的来源主要是由于历史上农药防治害虫的大量使用残留和工业生产带来的新的有机污染源的输入,工农业发达地区有机氯农药残留高于工农业欠发达地区,土壤中有机氯对水稻中p,p'-DDD、p,p'-DDE、o,p'-DDT、β-HCH、γ-HCH、环氧七氯、氯丹等有机氯含量的贡献很大,是水稻中有机氯残留的主要污染来源.健康风险评价结果显示,各类有机氯污染物对人体的健康风险较低,总风险为38.23×10-13 a-1,属于可接受水平.Abstract: The objective of this research is to investigate the organic chlorine pesticides(OCPs) pollution in rice and soil in the area around Poyang Lake. Rice and soil samples were collected from eleven counties and cities around the lake, and the samples were analyzed for OCPs by GC-ECD technology. The OCPs from the rice samples were evaluated with the health risk assessment model. The results showed that DDTs、HCHs、heptachlor、HCB and chlordane were detected in both the rice and soil samples. Among them the residual concentrations of DDTs and HCHs were especially higher, and were the main organic pollutants. Their contents in soil were 6.25μg·kg-1and 10.64μg·kg-1, respectively, and in rice were 4.65μg·kg-1and 9.16μg·kg-1, respectively. The OCPs in soil were mainly originated from the historic use of organic chlorine pesticides and organic pollution from modern industrial production. The residual concentrations of OCPs in industry-Developed areas were much higher than those in the under-Developed areas. The OCPs in soil were the main pollution source of OCPs in rice, and were the major contributor to p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, β-HCH, γ-HCH, Heptachlorepoxide and Chlordane content in the rice. The results from the health risk assessment model indicated that the health risk from OCPs in rice was low, and was at an acceptable level.
-
Key words:
- rice /
- soil /
- organic chlorine pesticides(OCPs) /
- health risk assessment /
- Poyang Lake.
-
-
[1] FU J M,Mai B X, Sheng G Y, et al. Persistent organic pollutants in environment of the Pearl Rivel Delta,China:An overview[J].Chemosphere, 2003,52(9):1411-1422. [2] DALY G L, Lei Y D, Teixeira C, et al. Organochlorine pesticides in the soils and atmosphere of Costa Rica[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2007,41(4):1124-1130. [3] 吕金刚,毕春娟,陈振楼,等.上海崇明岛农田土壤中有机氯农药残留特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(8):2455-2461. LV J G,BI C J,CHEN Z L,et al.Characteristics of organochlorine pesticide residues in agricultural soil of Chongming Island in Shanghai[J].Environment Science,2011,32(8):2455-2461(in Chinese).
[4] 岳瑞生.《关于就某些持久性有机污染物采取国际行动的斯德哥尔摩公约》及其谈判背景[J].世界环境,2001,(1):24-28. YUE R S.The stocholm convention on implementing international action on certain persistent organic pollutants and the background of its negotiation[J].World Environment,2001 ,(1):24-28(in Chinese).
[5] JONES K C, de Voogt P. Persistent organic pollutants(POPS):State of the science[J]. Environment Pollutant,1999,100:209-221. [6] 毛潇萱,丁中原,马子龙,等.兰州周边地区土壤典型有机氯农药残留及生态风险[J].环境化学,2013,32(3):466-474. MAO X X,DING Z Y,MA Z L,et al.Typical organochlorine pesticides residues in topsiols and ecological risk of Lanzhou surrounding areas,China[J].Environment Chemistry,2013,32(3):466-474(in Chinese).
[7] 柳敏,吴有方,方利江,等.河西走廊及兰州地区土壤中典型有机氯农药残留研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):338-344. LIU M,WU Y F,FANG L J,et al.Typical organochlorine pesticides residues in the topsoils of Hexi Corridor and Lanzhou area,China[J].Journal of Agra-Environment Science,2012,31(2):338-344(in Chinese).
[8] WONG M H, Leung A O W,Chan J K Y, et al. A review on the usage of POP pesticides in China, with emphasis on DDT loadings in human milk[J].Chemosphere, 2005, 60:740-752. [9] 肖春艳,邰超,赵同谦,等.降雨中有机氯农药土壤-水界面迁移过程的实验模拟[J].环境化学,2012,31(12):1953-1959. XIAO C Y,TAI C,ZHAO T Q,et,al.Transport of organochlorine pesticides between the interface of soil and water by rainfall simulation method[J].Environment Chemistry,2012,31(12):1953-1959(in Chinese).
[10] KELLYN B. Tracking POPs across the planet[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2006, 40:4814-4815. [11] MISHRA K, Sharma, Ramesh C, et al.Contamination levels and spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides in soils from India[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,76:215-225. [12] 胡春华,周文斌,易纯,等.环鄱阳湖区蔬菜地土壤中有机氯农药分布特征及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(3):487-491. HU C H,ZHOU W B,YI C,et al.Distribution and eco-risk evaluation of organ chlorine pesticides in vegetable soil in the area around Poyang Lake,China[J].Journal of Agra-Environment Science,2011,30(3):487-491(in Chinese).
[13] MAHMOOD A, Malik R N, Li Jun, et al. Human health risk assessment and dietary intake of organochlorine pesticides through air, soil and food crops(wheat and rice) alongtwo tributaries of river Chenab, Pakistan[J].Food And Chemical Toxicology, 2014,71:17-25. [14] CAI S R,Sun K,Dong S V,et al. Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in water, sediment, and fish of the Songhua River, China[J].Environmental Forensics, 2014,15:352-357. [15] 夏凡,胡雄星,韩中豪,等.黄浦江表层水体中有机氯农药的分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(2):11-15. XIA F,HU X X,HAN Z H,et al.Distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in surface water from the Huangpu River[J].Research of Environment Science,2006,19(2):11-15(in Chinese).
[16] 王雁,何伟,秦宁,等.巢湖表层沉积物中有机氯农药的残留与风险[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):308-316. WANG Y,HE W,QIN N,et al.Residual levels and ecological risks of organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments from Lake Chaohu[J].Acta Science Circumstantiae,2012,32(2):308-316(in Chinese).
[17] OLUTONA G O, Ayano S A, Obayomi-Davies O. Organochlorine pesticide in water and bottom sediment from Aiba Reservoir(Southwestern Nigeria)[J].Chemistry And Ecology,2014,30(6):513-531. [18] 于志勇,金芬,孙景芳,等.北京市场常见淡水食用鱼体内农药残留水平调查及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):251-256. YU Z Y,JIN F,SUN J F,et al.Residual levels of pesticides in freshwater fish from Beijing aquatic product markets and health risk assessment[J].Environment Science,2013,34(1):251-256(in Chinese).
[19] JOHANNES Y B, Ikenaka Y, Saengtienchai A, et al. Concentrations and human health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in edible fish species from a Rift Valley lake-Lake Ziway, Ethiopia[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2014,106:95-101. [20] Methods for organic chemical analysis of municipal and industrial waste[S].Method608-organochlorine pesticides and PCBs. [21] 程晨,陈振楼,毕春娟,等.上海市黄浦江水源地六六六、滴滴涕类内分泌干扰物污染特征分析及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(2):705-710. CHENG C,CHEN Z L,BI C J,et al.Pollution characteristics and heath risk assessment of HCHs,DDTs in drinking water sources of Huangpu River,Shanghai[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(2):705-710(in Chinese).
[22] 胡二邦.环境风险评价实用技术和方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2000:467-482. HU E B.Environment risk assessment and practical techniques and methods[M].Beijing:China Environmental Press,2000:467 -482(in Chinese).
[23] 万译文,康天放,周忠亮,等.北京官厅水库有机氯农药分布特征及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(4):803-807. WAN Z W,LIAN T F,ZHOU Z L,et al.Distribution and health risk assessment of organochlorine in Beijing guanting reservoir[J]. Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(4):803-807(in Chinese).
[24] EPA. The Foundation for Global Action on Persistent Organic Pollutants:A United States Perspective[R]. Washington, DC 20460.2002,2:10-12. [25] HITCH R K,Day H R. Unusual persistence of DDT in some western USA soil[J].Bulletin Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1992,48(2):259-264. [26] 龙智勇.鄱阳湖有机氯农药分布特征与来源研究[D].江西:南昌大学,2009. LONG Z Y.Study on organic pollutants sources and their distribution characteristics in Poyang Lake[D].Jisngxi:Nanchang University,2009(in Chinese). [27] 章海波,骆永明,赵其国, 等.香港土壤研究Ⅳ:土壤中有机氯化合物的含量和组成[J].土壤学报,2006,43(2):220-225. ZHANG H B,LUO Y M,ZHAO Q G,et al.Hong Kong soil researches Ⅳ:contents and compositions of organochlorines in soil[J],Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(2):220-225(in Chinese).
[28] 魏中青,刘丛强,梁小兵,等.贵州红枫湖地区水稻土多氯联苯和有机氯农药的残留[J].环境科学,2007,28(2):255-260. WEI Z Q,LIU C Q,LIANG X B,et al.Residue of PCBs and OCPs in the paddy soil from Hongfeng reservoir ares,Guizhou,China[J].Environment Science,2007,28(2):255-260(in Chinese).
[29] 龚钟明,曹军,朱雪梅,等.天津市郊污灌区农田土壤中的有机氯农药残留[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(5):459-461. GONG Z M,CAO J,ZHU X M,et al.Organochlorine pesticide residues in agricultural soils from Tianjin[J].Agro-environment Protection,2002,21(5):459-461(in Chinese).
[30] 冯雪,李剑,滕彦国,等.吉林松花江沿岸土壤中有机氯农药残留特征及健康风险评价[J].环境化学,2011,30(9):1604-1610. FENG X,LI J,TENG Y G,et al.Residues and health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in soils on the shore of Songhua River in Jilin City,China[J].Environment Chemistry,2011,30(9):1604-1610(in Chinese).
[31] 邱黎敏,张建英,骆永明,等.浙北农田土壤中HCH和DDT的残留及其风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(6):1161-1165. QIU L M,ZHANG J Y,LUO Y M,et al.Residues of HCH and DDT in agricultural soil of north of Zhejiang and its risk evaluation[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2005,24(6):1161-1165(in Chinese).
[32] 史双昕,周丽,邵丁丁,等.北京地区土壤中有机氯农药类POPs残留状况研究[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(1):24-29. SHI S X,ZHOU L,SHAO D D,et al.Studies on residues of organochloride pesticides POPs in the soil in Beijing area[J].Research of Environmental Science,2007,20(1):24-29(in Chinese).
[33] HAMER T,Wideman J L,Jantunen L M M, et al. Residues of organochlorine pesticides in Alabama soils[J].Environ Pollut,1999,106:323-332. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1546
- HTML全文浏览数: 1468
- PDF下载数: 466
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
