某铀矿及周边地区土壤放射性水平调查与评价
Investigation and Evaluation of Soil Radioactivity Levels in A Uranium Mine and Surrounding Areas
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摘要: 为查明某铀矿及其周边土壤放射性污染特征,本文对矿区废石场、工业场地和尾矿库周边土壤放射性水平进行现场调查,结果表明,238U比活度为595.5~2 335.1 Bq·kg-1,226Ra比活度为637~16 551 Bq·kg-1;γ辐射空气吸收剂量率分别为全国、世界平均水平的11.91倍、14.05倍;氡析出率范围为全国范围值的0.34倍~6.62倍,各源项的最大超标点位均位于尾矿库周边。通过对数据进行描述性统计分析发现,226Ra比活度对放射性源项的拟合度高于238U。238U比活度与226Ra比活度、氡析出率、空气吸收辐射剂量率呈现弱相关性,226Ra比活度、氡析出率、空气吸收辐射剂量率三者之间达到高度相关,说明226Ra比活度对氡析出和空气吸收辐射剂量的产生具有重要作用。污染评价结果表明,强潜在生态风险点位占比最大(47.37%),226Ra对总风险的贡献率较高(最高82.92%);且由226Ra引发的健康风险值相较于238U高出1~2个数量级,是主要的健康风险来源,摄入途径是主要暴露途径;研究区空气辐射最大年有效剂量达24.66 mSv,最大集体有效剂量为4 476.32 人·Sv,最大终生癌症风险为9.53×10-2;最大氡年释放量为4.57×1012 Bq,影响并辐射周边约36 503 m2。研究结果可为矿区退役治理工程提供基础支撑。Abstract: To investigate the radioactive contamination characteristics of a uranium mine and its surrounding soil, the radioactivity level of the soil around the waste rock quarry, industrial site, and tailing pond in the mine area was determined. The mass activity of radioactive 238U and 226Ra in the soils varied from 595.5 to 2 335.1 Bq·kg-1 and 637 to 16 551 Bq·kg-1, respectively. The gamma absorbed dose rate in the air is 11.91 and 14.05 times higher than that of the national and worldwide average values, respectively; the radon precipitation rate ranges from 0.34 to 6.62 times of the national values. The descriptive statistics analysis exhibited that the fitting degree of 226Ra activity to the source items was higher than that of 238U. We further noticed, the activity of 238U was found in a weak correlation with 226Ra activity, whereas, a significantly high correlation was recognized among 226Ra mass activity, radon precipitation rate, and air absorbed radiation dose rate, indicating that the activity of 226Ra plays an important role in radon precipitation and air absorbed radiation. The assessment of pollution showed that most of the sampling sites (47.37%) exhibited high potential ecological risks. The contribution of 226Ra to the total risk is relatively high (up to 82.92%). The health risk value caused by 226Ra is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of 238U, which is the main health risk source, and the main exposure route is ingestion. The maximum annual effective dose of air radiation in the study area reaches 24.66 mSv. The maximum collective effective dose, maximum lifetime cancer risk, and maximum annual radon precipitation are 4 476.32 man·Sv, 9.53×10-2, and 4.57×1012 Bq, respectively. It is concluded that the affected and radiated area is about 36 503 m2. Importantly, this research could provide technical support for the mine decommissioning treatment strategies for better management of the environment.
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Key words:
- uranium mine /
- radionuclides /
- absorbed radiation dose /
- health risk
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