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随着我国工业的快速发展,工业废水产生量亦不断增加。由于工业废水处理成本高,导致越来越多的工业废水没有得到有效处理而被排放,因此,水污染成为亟待解决的重大问题。尤其是在医药、化工、印染和焦化等行业,其废水有机物浓度高、组分复杂、难降解物所占的比重大,并且含有各类芳香族类组分、氨氮、氰化物、多氯联苯、邻苯二甲酸类等有毒有害物质[1-4]。若不经过恰当处理,工业废水极有可能渗透到地下水中,并对周围的居民和生态环境造成严重危害。
微生物固定化技术是强化工业废水处理最为经济有效的方法之一[5]。菌丝球由于其特殊的多孔结构,在实际废水处理中有较强的适应性和良好的传质效果。同时,菌丝球安全、无毒、易得,具备良好的沉降和吸附性能,使用后易于分离,从而使得菌丝球在废水处理中广受关注[6-7]。DONG等[8]使用菌丝体颗粒作为生物质载体固定沼泽红假单胞菌,研究其发酵特性和邻氯苯酚的生物降解性能,通过响应曲面优化后,邻氯苯酚的去除率达到了92.6%。LU等[9]采用海洋真菌Aspergillus niger ZJUBE-1制备自固定菌丝体并研究其脱色能力,结果表明,生物吸附过程符合拟二级动力学和Langmuir等温模型,菌丝体最大吸附容量263.2 mg·g−1,并在生物吸附过程中表现出较高的盐度和酸度的耐受性。国巍[10]以烟曲霉菌G-13菌丝球为载体,固定具有降解纤维素能力的蜡样芽孢杆菌X10-1-2,形成可同时降解木质素和纤维素的复合菌丝球。
一直以来,人们更多关注菌丝球营养条件的优化,而忽略了一些环境因素(如pH,接种量等)对菌丝球物理性能的影响,而这些因素的优化通常会使菌丝球具有更好的效果[11]。本研究通过研究孢子培养时间、培养基pH及菌丝球接种量对菌丝球物理性能的影响,探讨其最佳性能的培养条件,使用优化后的菌丝球进行废水脱色和固定化微生物处理焦化废水的研究,为难降解废水和染料废水的处理提供参考。
青霉成球条件优化及其在固定化和脱色中的应用
Globular conditions optimization of Penicillium sp. and its application in immobilization and decolorization
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摘要: 针对青霉菌丝球L1在废水处理中有效应用的问题,通过调节培养时间、接种量和pH对菌丝球的性能进行优化;采用SEM对优化后的菌丝球进行了表征,研究了优化后的菌丝球负载混合细菌FG-06处理焦化废水的降解效果,探讨了接种量、转速和重复利用次数对优化后的菌丝球吸附结晶紫的影响。结果表明:优化后的菌丝球呈有规则的网状结构,菌丝体粗壮;在焦化废水处理实验中,接种90颗负载FG-06的菌丝球后,苯酚降解响应时间明显缩短,氨氮和苯酚的降解速率均明显提升;对20 mL浓度为50 mg·L−1的结晶紫吸附实验结果显示,20颗菌丝球、120 r·min−1条件下拥有更好的吸附性能,重复利用3次,脱色率在86%以上。成球条件优化后的菌丝球是一种理想的固定化载体,并拥有良好的脱色性能。Abstract: Aiming at the problem of effective application of Penicillium sp. L1 mycelial pellets in wastewater treatment, their performance was optimized through the culture time, inoculation size and pH, and SEM was used to characterize the optimized mycelium pellets. The degradation effect was studied when the optimized mycelial pellets loaded with mixed bacteria FG-06 treated coking wastewater, and the effects of inoculation size, rotation rate and reuse times on the adsorption of crystal violet onto the optimized mycelial pellets were investigated. The results showed that, the optimized mycelium pellets showed regular network structure with strong mycelium. In the experiment of treating coking wastewater, the degradation response time of phenol was significantly shortened using 90 mycelial pellets loaded with the mixed bacteria FG-06, and the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen and phenol was significantly improved. In 20 mL crystal violet solution with initial concentration of 50 mg·L−1, 20 mycelial pellets had better adsorption performance at shaking rate of 120 r·min−1, and the reused mycelial pellets after 3 times still remained the decolorization efficiency above 86%. The mycelial pellet after optimization of the globular conditions is an ideal immobilization carrier with a good decolorization performance.
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Key words:
- coking wastewater /
- dye adsorption /
- mycelial pellets /
- optimization /
- microbial immobilization
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表 1 焦化废水与混合废水水质
Table 1. Water quality of cooking wastewater and mixed wastewater
水样 pH COD/(mg·L−1) TN/(mg·L−1) NH4+-N/(mg·L−1) 苯酚/(mg·L−1) 焦化废水 7~7.2 3 368~3 601 252.6~293.1 161.07~189.31 735.22~787.69 混合废水 7~7.1 3 110~3 212 151.2~168.5 115.15~127.42 225.39~245.07 -
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