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磷是一种生命必不可少的非金属元素,目前天然的磷矿正在不断枯竭,故磷的有效回收显得尤为重要[1]。由于城市生活污水中的磷酸盐含量较低,无法直接用磷酸铵镁结晶法(MAP)进行回收,因此,获取高浓度的磷酸盐浓缩液是高效回收磷的关键[2]。而在获取高浓度磷酸盐的过程中,聚磷微生物的生长环境从长期处于低浓度磷酸盐中转变为好氧低浓度磷酸盐与厌氧高浓度磷酸盐不断交替的状态,同时快速获取高浓度的磷酸盐浓缩液要求聚磷菌具有高效的释磷能力,因此,研究同步去除与富集磷酸盐工艺中聚磷微生物的种群结构变化显得十分必要。
SLATER等[3]研究发现,在相同条件下,运行的4个SBR中的Accumulibacter结构存在差别。而TIAN等[4]发现,在厌氧/好氧交替式生物滤池中随着磷吸收与磷富集的进行,占主导地位的菌群由β-变形菌纲转变为γ-变形菌纲(98%),且γ-变形菌纲中的假单胞菌为优势菌。孟璇等[5]发现,在厌氧/好氧交替式同步去除并富集磷酸盐尼龙生物膜反应器中,红环菌科(Rhodocyclaceae)含量最高,为58.32%。这些研究显示,在不同运行条件下,反应器中可能存在不同种类的聚磷菌。
目前,大部分研究把重点放在提高反应器的除磷效率上,而对于富集高浓度的磷酸盐以及在此过程中聚磷菌变化的研究较少。本研究以悬浮填料为载体,采用厌氧/好氧交替式运行的反应器,针对未来城市污水厂从污水中同时去除并回收利用磷的需求进行了实验;采用以人工配水模拟城市生活污水并结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高通量测序技术,探讨了不同浓度的磷酸盐生长环境对同步去除与富集磷酸盐的悬浮填料生物膜工艺吸释磷性能的影响及其微生物群落的变化情况。
2种磷酸盐生长环境对同步去除与富集磷酸盐工艺的影响
Effects of two phosphate growth environments on simultaneous removal and enrichment of phosphate
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摘要: 针对同步去除与富集磷酸盐溶液的问题,研究了在低磷环境和低磷高磷交替环境下悬浮填料生物膜反应器的除磷能力和释磷能力,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高通量测序对第0、45和95天的污泥进行了表征。结果表明:低磷环境下好氧出水磷酸盐浓度稳定在0.5 mg·L−1以下,厌氧阶段的最大释磷量为6.05 mg·L−1;在低磷高磷交替环境中,好氧出水磷酸盐浓度基本在0.5 mg·L−1以下,富磷溶液浓度最高可达63 mg·L−1。SEM结果表明,同步去除与富集磷酸盐的悬浮填料生物膜反应器中的主要微生物是杆状菌。高通量测序结果表明:第0、45和95天的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度分别为48.3%、57.1%和89.1%,占主导地位;而红环菌科(Rhodocyclaceae)的相对丰度分别为18.1%、19.0%和30.8%,是反应器中的优势菌科;动胶菌属(Zoogloea)是同步去除与富集磷酸盐的悬浮填料生物膜工艺中的主要功能菌。在悬浮填料生物膜工艺中,低磷高磷交替的生长环境下培养的聚磷生物膜能够使好氧出水的磷酸盐浓度达到国家排放标准,并在厌氧阶段得到高浓度的磷酸盐富集溶液,且这种生长环境更适合聚磷微生物的生长。
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关键词:
- 同步去除与富集磷酸盐 /
- 微生物生长环境 /
- 生物膜 /
- 高通量测序
Abstract: The aim of this study was to simultaneously remove and enrich phosphate solutions. The phosphorus removal and release capacity of suspended packed biofilm reactor in low concentration phosphate environment or continuous alternation environment of aerobic low concentration phosphate and anaerobic high concentration phosphate were studied. Sludge samples taken from 0, 45 and 95 d were characterized by SEM and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the phosphate concentration of aerobic effluent was below 0.5 mg·L−1 and the maximum phosphorus release was 6.05 mg·L−1 in the low phosphorus environment. In the low phosphorus concentration and high phosphorus concentration alternating environment, most of the phosphate concentration of aerobic effluent was below 0.5 mg·L−1, and the concentration of anaerobic phosphate concentrate was up to 63 mg·L−1. The SEM images showed that the main microorganisms in the suspended packed biofilm reactor for simultaneous removal and enrichment of phosphoric acid were bacilli. The result of high-throughput sequencing showed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria on 0, 45 and 95 d were 48.3%, 57.1% and 89.1%, respectively, and it was dominant bacteria phylum. The relative abundances of Rhodocyclaceae were 18.1%, 19.0% and 30.8%, respectively, which was the dominant bacteria family in the reactor. Zoogloea was the main functional bacterium. In the suspended packing biofilm process, phosphorus accumulating bacteria cultured in alternate growth environment of low phosphorus and high phosphorus could lead to phosphate content in aerobic effluent which meets the national discharge standard, and could obtain high concentration phosphate enrichment solution in anaerobic phase. This growth environment was more suitable for the growth of phosphorus-accumulating microorganisms. -
表 1 微生物种群丰度和多样性分析
Table 1. Species abundance and diversity ofmicrobial communities
时间 序列数 OTU数 ACE Chao Shannon Simpson 覆盖率 第0天 59 711 52 736 1 454.53 1 457.3 7.781 0 0.984 0.996 4 第45天 73 249 64 715 1 556.34 1 561.2 7.490 1 0.983 0.995 7 第95天 126 462 92 681 1 171.48 1 183.0 5.630 7 0.952 0.995 0 -
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