汾河流域邻苯二甲酸酯的分布特征及生态风险评价
Distribution and ecological risk evaluation of phthalate esters in Fenhe River Basin
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摘要: 本文以汾河流域作为研究对象，系统研究了水相及沉积物中6种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的含量、组成和空间分布，同时对汾河流域水体和沉积物中PAEs进行生态风险评价.研究表明，汾河流域丰水期水相中PAEs总量为2.79-206.33 μg·L-1，平均浓度按DEHP（邻苯二甲酸（2-乙基己基）酯） > DBP（邻苯二甲酸二丁酯） > BBP（邻苯二甲酸丁基节基酯） > DEP（邻苯二甲酸二乙酯） > DMP（邻苯二甲酸二甲酯） > DNOP（邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯）的顺序递减.其空间分布结果表现为，干流 PAEs 浓度低于支流，从上游到下游干流 PAEs 浓度呈现先升后降的趋势.依据国家地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）对 DBP、DEHP 标准限值的规定，丰水期有60%的站点超过3 μg·L-1和8 μg·L-1的限值.丰水期沉积物中PAEs浓度范围为0.064-3.551 μg·L-1，平均浓度按DEHP>DBP>DMP>DEP>BBP的顺序递减，干流PAEs高于支流，中下游PAEs含量高于上游，其中中游的太原段沉积相中PAEs污染相对严重.生态风险评价结果表明，汾河流域水相中PAEs的生态风险大小排序依次为DBP > DEHP > DEP > DMP，DBP和DEHP在大部分采样点存在一定的潜在生态风险，DMP和DEP的生态风险在可接受范围；沉积物PAEs中所有种类的平均含量未超过风险评价的低值（ERL），对生物的潜在危害较小.
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关键词:
- 汾河流域 /
- 邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs) /
- 分布特征 /
- 生态风险评价
Abstract: This work investigated the content,composition and spatial distribution of phthalate esters (PAEs) in water and sediments of Fenhe River,and evaluated their ecological risk.The results showed that the total PAEs during the water rich season was 2.79-206.33 μg·L-1,and the concentration decreased in the order of DBP > DEHP > BBP > DEP > DMP > DNOP.The spatial distribution showed that the concentration in main stream was lower than that in the branch,and the concentration of PAEs increased first and then decreased from the upstream to the downstream.According to the National Environment Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002),the concentration of DBP and DEHP at 60% of the sampling sites exceeded the limits of 3 μg·L-1 and 8 μg·L-1.The total PAEs concentrations in sediments were between 0.064-3.551 μg·g-1,and the concentration followed the order of DEHP > DBP > DMP > DEP > BBP.The PAEs concentrations in the main stream were higher than those in branch,and decreased from the upstream to the downstream.Compared with other river basins,the levels of PAEs in the water and sediments of Fenhe River lied in low to medium level.The ecological risk assessment indicated that the risk level of PAEs in water was DEHP > DBP > DEP > DMP.There was some potential ecological risk of DBP and DEHP in most sites,not the ecological risk of DMP and DEP was acceptable.The contents of PAEs were all less than ERL,therefore the potential hazards on the organisms was not significant. -
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