洞庭湖区城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价
Water environmental health risk assessment in urban drinking water sources in Dongting Lake region
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摘要: 为了解洞庭湖区城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险，根据2014年30个县级以上城市饮用水源地水质监测数据，采用美国环境保护署（US EPA）推荐的水环境健康风险评价模型，对洞庭湖区城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险进行了评价.结果表明，由毒性物质所致总健康风险在8.77×10-10-7.42×10-5 a-1之间，平均为1.07×10-5 a-1，低于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受风险水平5×10-5 a-1，但高于部分机构推荐的最大可接受风险水平1×10-6 a-1，总体属中等风险；总健康风险的大小顺序为地下水型 > 河流型 > 水库型，澧水 > 松澧洪道 > 资水 > 湘江 > 沅江 > 汨罗江 > 长江 > 华容河，下游>上游，常德市 > 益阳市 > 岳阳市 > 望城区，中部 > 东部 > 西部；毒性物质总健康风险主要来自化学致癌物As，因此，As应作为水环境健康风险决策管理的重点；优先选取水库和河流作为城市饮用水源是降低洞庭湖区城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险的重要途径，加强上游城市污染治理和城市交界断面水质考核，对保障下游城市饮用水源地水质安全具有关键性作用.Abstract: In order to understand the water environmental health risk in urban drinking water sources in Dongting Lake region, based on the water quality monitoring data of 30 urban drinking water sources in 2014,the potential health risk assessment was conducted using the water environmental health risk assessment model recommended by US EPA. The results showed that the total health risk value caused by toxic substances ranged from 8.77×10-10 a-1 to 7.42×10-5 a-1, with an average value of 1.07×10-5 a-1, which was lower than the maximum acceptable level of 5×10-5 a-1 recommended by ICRP, but higher than the maximum acceptable level of 1×10-6 a-1 recommended by other agencies, indicating that the overall risk level was medium. The ranking of total health risk value was underground water > river > reservoir, Lishui River > Songli Spillway > Zhishui River > Xiangjiang River > Yuanjiang River > Miluo River > Yangtze River > Huarong River, downstream>upstream, Changde City > Yiyang City > Yueyang City > Wangcheng District, Central region > Eastern region > Western region. The total health risk of toxic substances was mainly caused by chemical carcinogen As. Therefore more attention should be paid to As in risk decision-making management. Priority selection of reservoirs and rivers as urban drinking water sources is an important way for reducing water environmental health risk in urban drinking water sources in Dongting Lake region. And strengthening the upstream urban pollution treatment and urban border section water quality assessment has a crucial role in ensuring the water quality safety of downstream urban drinking water sources.
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Key words:
- As /
- chemical carcinogen /
- drinking water /
- health risk assessment /
- Dongting Lake region
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