南太行山山前平原工业园区土壤重金属污染特征及来源
Contamination and sources of heavy metals in the soils of industrial cluster in piedmont plain of South Taihang Mountain
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摘要: 为了探究工业园区土壤中重金属污染特征和来源， 分析了南太行山山前平原某工业园区22个表层土壤样品以及2个区域背景土壤样品. 测试土壤微量重金属元素含量以及土壤总碳（TC）、总氮（TN）和总硫（TS）含量， 借助主成分分析讨论元素相关关系， 利用聚类分析方法讨论受污染土壤的空间分布特征. 结果表明：（1） 区内22个土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr、Co、V和Sr等8种重金属含量平均值分别为85.05、161.32、39.51、42.57、90.80、13.79、117.56、173.23 mg·kg-1， 是河南省土壤背景值的4.3倍、2.6倍、1.8倍、1.5倍、1.4倍、1.2倍、1倍和0.96倍.（2） 区内22个土壤中TC、TN和TS的范围分别为2.19%-6.32%、0.12%-0.21%和0.03%-0.22%， 均值分别为3.17%、0.17%和0.10%. 区内Co、Ni、V和Cr等重金属元素含量较高的土壤主要分布在区内西南部，来源包括粉煤灰堆放场扬尘、企业燃煤排放废气等. Cu、Pb和Zn等重金属元素含量较高的土壤主要分布在区内中西部，来源包括化工厂、冶炼厂排放废气和粉尘等. 土壤重金属Sr来自成土母岩中碳酸盐岩. 其余土壤重金属元素受成土母质和工业废气、化学肥料等共同影响.Abstract: To elucidate the contamination and sources of heavy metals in industrial cluster soil, 22 surface soil samples from industrial clusters in piedmont plain of South Taihang Mountain and 2 soil samples from background area were investigated. Heavy metals, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total sulfur (TS) were analyzed for soils, principal components analysis (PCA) was used to discuss the relations of the measured parameters, and cluster analysis (CA) was used to discuss the spatial variations of heavy metals in the contaminated soils. The results indicated that the average concentrations for Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, V, and Sr in the 22 soil samples were 85.05, 161.32, 39.51, 42.57, 90.80, 13.79, 117.56 and 173.23 mg·kg-1, which were 4.3, 2.6, 1.8, 1.5, 1.4, 1.2, 1 and 0.96 times of the corresponding background values of soil in Henan Province, respectively. Concentrations of TC, TN and TS in the 22 samples ranged from 2.19% to 6.32%, 0.12% to 0.21%, and 0.03% to 0.22%, with average values of 3.17%, 0.17% and 0.10%, respectively. Soils with high concentrations of Co, Ni, V and Cr were mainly located in the south-west part of the study area, and the sources of Co, Ni, V and Cr included fly ash and coal burning. Soils with high contents of Cu, Pb and Zn were mainly distributed in the Midwest part and these three metals were derived from waste gas and dusts from chemical plants and metal melting plants. Sr was from carbonate in parent rock. The heavy metals in residual soils were affected not only by parent rock, but also by waste gas and chemical fertilizers.
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