海水养殖区排水中溶解性有机质的光化学研究
Photochemical activity of dissolved organic matter in the effluent from mariculture areas
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摘要: 本研究通过光化学实验考察了莱州湾海水养殖区排水中溶解性有机质的光化学性质，并分析了排水中溶解性有机质的紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱随养殖时期的变化.结果表明养殖排水中溶解性有机质光致生成活性物种如3DOM*、1O2和·OH的速率分别处于10-9（mol·L-1·s-1）、10-9（mol·L-1·s-1）和10-13（mol·L-1·s-1）的量级，并随养殖时期表现出一定的规律性，即退潮阶段大于涨潮阶段，养殖间歇期大于养殖作业期.光谱分析表明，类蛋白荧光峰是养殖作业期内的优势荧光峰，其在溶解性有机质组成中的贡献随养殖排水累积汇入呈逐渐增加的趋势，这与养殖活动中排放的残余饵料和养殖排泄物等有关.与养殖作业期相比，类腐殖质荧光峰在养殖间歇期溶解性有机质中贡献相对较大，可能与养殖池沉积物的扰动释放有关.Abstract: In this study, the photochemical properties of DOM from mariculture effluent in Laizhou Bay were examined by photochemical experiments. The variation of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of effluent DOM among mariculture period was also investigated. Formation rates of photoinduced species including triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) in water samples collected from the tidal creek were measured at the level of 10-9 (mol·L-1·s-1), 10-9 (mol·L-1·s-1) and 10-13 (mol·L-1·s-1), respectively. The formation rates were significantly higher within non-rearing period and ebb tide than those of rearing stage and flood tide correspondingly. According to spectral characterization, the protein-like fluorophores (PLFs) were found to dominate the fluorescence of effluent DOM during the rearing period, and their contribution increased with the accumulative input of mariculture effluent along the tidal creek. The PLFs in DOM might be related to the discharge of feed wastage and fish excretion from mariculture activities. A relatively larger contribution of humic-like fluorophores to DOM was observed within the samples during the non-rearing period than those from the rearing period, which was supposed to result from sediment disturbance during culture pond cleaning activities.
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