基于硬度和pH校正的锌的水生生物基准研究
Water Quality Criteria Study for Zn Based on Correction of Hardness and pH Parameters
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摘要: 水环境因素(如pH、硬度等)对重金属的水生生物毒性有着重要的影响，进而会影响重金属的水质基准标准。目前我国的地表水环境质量标准中，重金属的指标大都是在标准实验条件下测试获得的，并没有考虑实际水环境中环境要素的影响。锌(Zn)是生命体必需的微量元素，也是我国地表水环境质量监测的重要指标之一，系统探究典型水环境要素对锌生物毒性的影响作用对我国水质基准和环境管理具有重要意义。基于此，本文基于实验室实测的8种水生生物pH和硬度的单因素实验的相关数据，同时结合生物有效性校正模型和物种敏感度分布法(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)进行多元线性回归方程模拟，构建出锌的基于多要素的多元线性毒性预测模型，并基于预测模型外推获得锌的危害浓度，急性基准值为300 μg·L-1，HC5值为600 μg·L-1。本研究综合考虑了关键水环境参数硬度和pH值对锌生物的综合影响，与其他国家或组织无校正或只基于硬度校正相比将更加完善和准确，研究结果可为水质基准推导和校正提供重要理论依据。Abstract: Water quality parameters, such as pH and hardness, play a significant role in determining the aquatic toxicity of heavy metals, which subsequently influences the water quality criteria for these substances. Current environmental quality standards for surface waters predominantly derive their heavy metal indicators from standardized experimental conditions that fail to consider the effects of real-world environmental factors. Zinc (Zn), an essential trace element for living organisms and a key indicator within China’s water quality monitoring framework, warrants a systematic investigation into how typical water environmental factors affect its biotoxicity in relation to water quality criteria and environmental management practices in China. Consequently, this study developed a multifactorial multivariate linear toxicity model for zinc utilizing data from single-factor experiments on pH and hardness, involving eight aquatic species assessed under laboratory conditions. The model integrates multiple linear regression equations adjusted with biological validity corrections alongside species sensitivity distributions (SSD). Through this methodology, we constructed a comprehensive multivariate linear toxicity model for zinc and extrapolated hazardous concentration estimates: the criterion maximum concentration (CMC) was established at 300 μg·L-1 while the HC5 value was determined to be 600 μg·L-1. This research takes into account the combined effects of hardness and pH on zinc’s impact on aquatic organisms, yielding results that are more robust and precise than those from other countries or organizations that do not incorporate such corrections or rely solely on adjustments based on hardness alone. Moreover, our findings provide an essential theoretical foundation for deriving refined water quality criteria.
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Key words:
- Zn /
- pH /
- water quality criteria /
- model correction /
- species sensitivity distribution
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