保鲜膜中微塑料和邻苯二甲酸酯浸出行为及斑马鱼胚胎毒性评价
Leaching Behavior and Evaluation of Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity of Microplastics and Phthalates in Plastic Wrap
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摘要: 保鲜膜是最常见的一类塑料食品接触材料，在生活中被广泛使用，但对于其在不同食品应用场景中有害物质的浸出情况及对生物可能构成的健康风险尚不明确。选取聚乙烯（PE）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）2种材质保鲜膜，考察3种食品模拟物（水、50%乙醇和正己烷）中微塑料和邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的浸出行为，并探究浸出PAEs对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响。结果表明，从PE保鲜膜和PVC保鲜膜中浸出的总体微塑料平均丰度分别为（2.67SymbolqB@0.82）个·（100 mL）-1和（3.78±0.92）个·（100 mL）-1。PVC保鲜膜浸出微塑料的粒径集中在500～1 000 μm范围（55.9%），而PE保鲜膜浸出粒径为<500 μm的微塑料占比最大（74.1%）。PVC保鲜膜含醇和油脂环境下的实验组对斑马鱼胚胎发育有显著影响，可诱导胚胎出现心率失常、心包囊肿和脊柱弯曲等症状，PVC保鲜膜在这2种环境下均检测到PAEs的迁移。相比于PE保鲜膜，PVC保鲜膜的浸出毒性需引起重视。
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关键词:
- 塑料食品接触材料 /
- 微塑料 /
- 邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs) /
- 斑马鱼胚胎毒性
Abstract: Plastic wrap, as a commonly type of food contact material, is widely used in daily life. However, the possible leaching of harmful substances from plastic wrap and its biological health risk assessment under different food application scenarios remain unclear, yet. In this study, the leaching behavior of microplastics and phthalate acid esters (PAEs) of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were investigated under three kinds of food simulants (ultrapure water, 50% ethanol (V/V), n-hexane), and after that, the effects of PAEs on the development of zebrafish embryo were explored. The results showed that the average abundance of the total microplastics leached from PE and PVC plastic wrap were (2.67±0.82) items·(100 mL)-1 and (3.78±0.92) items·(100 mL)-1, respectively. The particle size of the microplastics in PVC were concentrated in the range of 500~1 000 μm, accounting for 55.9%, while about 74.1% of the microplastics in PE had a particle size of less than 500 μm. Furthermore, the PVC extracts in an alcohol and fatty environment could induce significant impacts on zebrafish embryo development, including arrhythmia, pericardial cysts and spinal curvature. Compared with PE plastic wrap, the leaching toxicity from PVC plastic wrap needs serious attention. -
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