[1] GUELFO J L, ADAMSON D T. Evaluation of a national data set for insights into sources, composition, and concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in US drinking water[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 236: 505-513. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.066
[2] LU Z B, LU R, ZHENG H Y, et al. Correction to: Risk exposure assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water and atmosphere in central Eastern China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, 25(10): 9321. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-1608-z
[3] LAU C. Perfluorinated compounds[M]//Experientia Supplementum. Basel: Springer Basel, 2012: 47-86.
[4] WANG J, ZENG X W, BLOOM M S, et al. Renal function and isomers of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS): Isomers of C8 Health Project in China[J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 218: 1042-1049. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.191
[5] 臧春元, 张硕, 孙力平, 等. 碳纳米管催化臭氧降解PFOS动力学与过程控制[J]. 环境工程学报, 2017, 11(3): 1459-1464. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201512059
[6] LIU Z Y, LU Y L, WANG T Y, et al. Risk assessment and source identification of perfluoroalkyl acids in surface and ground water: Spatial distribution around a mega-fluorochemical industrial park, China[J]. Environment International, 2016, 91: 69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.020
[7] 陈荣圻. PFOS的禁用及其相关整理剂和表面活性剂的替代(一)[J]. 上海染料, 2008, 36(6): 24-29. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-1348.2008.06.004
[8] LESCORD G L, KIDD K A, DE SILVA A O, et al. Perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds in lake food webs from the Canadian high arctic[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(5): 2694-2702.
[9] LIU S J, LU Y L, XIE S W, et al. Exploring the fate, transport and risk of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in a coastal region of China using a multimedia model[J]. Environment International, 2015, 85: 15-26. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.007
[10] WANG Z Y, COUSINS I T, SCHERINGER M, et al. Hazard assessment of fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and their precursors: Status quo, ongoing challenges and possible solutions[J]. Environment International, 2015, 75: 172-179. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.013
[11] BARRY V, WINQUIST A, STEENLAND K. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposures and incident cancers among adults living near a chemical plant[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2013, 121(11/12): 1313-1318.
[12] LLORCA M, FARRÉ M, TAVANO M S, et al. Fate of a broad spectrum of perfluorinated compounds in soils and biota from Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2012, 163: 158-166. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.027
[13] NAILE J E, KHIM J S, HONG S, et al. Distributions and bioconcentration characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in environmental samples collected from the west Coast of Korea[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 90(2): 387-394. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.033
[14] WANG P, LU Y L, WANG T Y, et al. Shifts in production of perfluoroalkyl acids affect emissions and concentrations in the environment of the Xiaoqing River Basin, China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016, 307: 55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.059
[15] BUTENHOFF J L, OLSEN G W, PFAHLES-HUTCHENS A. The applicability of biomonitoring data for perfluorooctanesulfonate to the environmental public health continuum[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006, 114(11): 1776-1782. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9060
[16] THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL. On persistent organic pollutants and amending Directive 79/117/EEC: REGULATION (EC) No 850/2004 consolidate version 2012[S]. Publications Office of the European Union, 2012.
[17] CORDNER A, DE LA ROSA V Y, SCHAIDER L A, et al. Guideline levels for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water: The role of scientific uncertainty, risk assessment decisions, and social factors[J]. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 2019, 29(2): 157-171.
[18] THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL. Amending Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy: Directive 2013/39/EU[S]. Publications Office of the European Union, 2013.
[19] QU Y, ZHANG C J, LI F, et al. Equilibrium and kinetics study on the adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid from aqueous solution onto powdered activated carbon[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 169(1/2/3): 146-152.
[20] WANG F, LIU C S, SHIH K. Adsorption behavior of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) on boehmite[J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 89(8): 1009-1014. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.071
[21] PARK H, VECITIS C D, CHENG J, et al. Reductive defluorination of aqueous perfluorinated alkyl surfactants: Effects of ionic headgroup and chain length[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2009, 113(4): 690-696. doi: 10.1021/jp807116q
[22] HORI H, MURAYAMA M, INOUE N, et al. Efficient mineralization of hydroperfluorocarboxylic acids with persulfate in hot water[J]. Catalysis Today, 2010, 151(1/2): 131-136.
[23] SCHAEFER C E, ANDAYA C, URTIAGA A, et al. Electrochemical treatment of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in groundwater impacted by aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs)[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 295: 170-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.024
[24] KIM T H, LEE S H, KIM H Y, et al. Decomposition of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) using a hybrid process with electron beam and chemical oxidants[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 361: 1363-1370. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.10.195
[25] YANG S W, CHENG J H, SUN J, et al. Defluorination of aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate by activated persulfate oxidation[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(10): e74877. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074877
[26] 刘晗, 许秦坤, 许建红. 紫外光助零价铁活化过硫酸盐降解全氟辛烷磺酸盐[J]. 西南科技大学学报, 2017, 32(1): 20-24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8755.2017.01.004
[27] 蒋闳, 盛旋, 杨嫣嫣, 等. 全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)分析研究进展[J]. 安徽化工, 2007, 33(2): 5-10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-553X.2007.02.002
[28] AHRENS L, NORSTRÖM K, VIKTOR T, et al. Stockholm Arlanda Airport as a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to water, sediment and fish[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 129: 33-38. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.136
[29] HANSEN K J, JOHNSON H O, ELDRIDGE J S, et al. Quantitative characterization of trace levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Tennessee River[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, 36(8): 1681-1685.
[30] MARTIN J W, KANNAN K, BERGER U, et al. Analytical challenges hamper perfluoroalkyl research[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004, 38(13): 248A-255A.
[31] USEPA. Drinking water health advisory for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): EPA 822-R-16-005[S]. Washington, DC, United States, 2016.
[32] ISO. Water quality: Determination of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA): Method for unfiltered samples using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy: ISO 25101[S]. Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
[33] LATH S, KNIGHT E R, NAVARRO D A, et al. Sorption of PFOA onto different laboratory materials: Filter membranes and centrifuge tubes[J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 222: 671-678. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.096
[34] WEI C L, WANG Q, SONG X, et al. Distribution, source identification and health risk assessment of PFASs and two PFOS alternatives in groundwater from non-industrial areas[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018, 152: 141-150. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.039
[35] 金一和, 刘晓, 张迅, 等. 人血清中全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物污染现状[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2003, 19(10): 1200-1201. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-0580.2003.10.021
[36] HANSEN K J, CLEMEN L A, ELLEFSON M E, et al. Compound-specific, quantitative characterization of organic fluorochemicals in biological matrices[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2001, 35(4): 766-770.
[37] PARK S, LEE L S, MEDINA V F, et al. Heat-activated persulfate oxidation of PFOA, 6: 2 fluorotelomer sulfonate, and PFOS under conditions suitable for in situ groundwater remediation[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 145: 376-383. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.097
[38] BRUTON T A, SEDLAK D L. Treatment of aqueous film-forming foam by heat-activated persulfate under conditions representative of in situ chemical oxidation[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(23): 13878-13885.
[39] WEI C L, SONG X, WANG Q, et al. Sorption kinetics, isotherms and mechanisms of PFOS on soils with different physicochemical properties[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017, 142: 40-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.040
[40] 华东师范大学. 分析化学[M]. 3版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006.
[41] BARTLETT P D, COTMAN J D. The kinetics of the decomposition of potassium persulfate in aqueous solutions of methanol[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1949, 71(4): 1419-1422. doi: 10.1021/ja01172a078