摘要:
在对巩乃斯河进行水质监测的基础上,探讨了巩乃斯河水体中重金属的时空分布特征.结果表明,巩乃斯河重金属含量基本呈现丰水期平水期枯水期春汛期的趋势,所测重金属Pb,Cd,Mn,Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn含量均符合国家地表水环境标准(GB3838-2002)的Ⅰ类水标准和生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749-2006).由于地质条件和人类生产活动的影响,同一重金属元素在不同的水期沿程变化趋势不同;不同的重金属在相同的水期分布不同.通过多元统计分析发现,巩乃斯河水体中所测的7种重金属元素的来源可由2个主成分来反映,它们的贡献率分别为56.939%和26.166%.其中Pb,Cu和Mn主要受第一主成分控制,即矿物岩石的自然风化、侵蚀过程对河流重金属来源的影响;Cd主要受第二主成分控制,即人类工业活动对河流中重金属含量的影响;Zn则是受第一主成分和第二主成分共同支配.
Abstract:
According to the analysis of water sample,the seasonal and spatial distribution characteristic of heavy metal was initially discussed in Kunes River. The results show that the content of heavy metals basically follows the order of high flow periodnormal water periodlow water periodspring flood period. The heavy metal contents of Pb,Cd,Mn,Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn all conform to theⅠkind of water standard of Environment Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB3838-2002)and Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB5749-2006). The contents of Pb,Cd,Mn and other heavy metals are disparate according to different reaches or different period of the river. Principal component analysis(PCA)was applied to estimate the sources of heavy metals. There are two sources:natural weathering and erosion of mineral rocks is the first principal component which accounts for 56.939%,pollution discharge of industry activity compose the second component which accounts for 26.166%. Pb,Cu,Mn are mainly controlled by the first principal component; Cd is mainly controlled by the second principal component; Zn is controlled by both components.
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