微乳液中2, 4-二硝基氯苯水解反应的研究
HYDROLYSIS STUDY OF 2,4-DINITROCHLOROBENZENE IN MICROEMULSIONS
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摘要: 研究了2,4二硝基氯苯在十二烷基磺酸钠/油/醇/水组成的O/W型微乳液中的水解反应.考察了烃、醇与表面活性剂的种类及用量、OH-浓度和温度等对O/W型微乳液中2,4二硝基氯苯水解反应的影响.结果表明,在微乳液介质中,水解反应为亲核取代的二级反应.在OH-大大过量的条件下,可视为准一级反应.烃的介电常数越小、醇的支链越多及正醇的碳原子数越少,水解反应的速率常数越大;烃的量较少、表面活性剂量较多及醇的量适中时,水解速率较快.温度升高,水解速率加快,水解反应的活化能为56.78kJ·mol-1.Abstract: The hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in microemulsions was studied. The results show that the hydrolysis mechanism is the same in microemulsions as in water solution. The hydrocarbon and cosurfactant orders of the hydrolysis rate constants of DNCB are: hexane benzene chloroform; t-butyl alcohol n-propyl alcohol n-butyl alcohol. The rate constants increase with the decrease of hexane content and with the increase of both the content of sodium dodecyle sulfonate and temperature, but decrease with both the increase and decrease of the alcohol content. The effects of various experimental factors on the hydrolysis of DNCB in microemulsions have been discussed.
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