水环境中4-叔辛基苯酚的污染现状与生态风险评估
Pollution Status and Ecological Risk Assessment of 4-tert-octylphenol in China’s Aquatic Environment
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摘要: 4-叔辛基苯酚是一种具有内分泌干扰效应的有机污染物，已广泛存在于环境介质中，有必要关注其生态风险。本文依据2010年以来4-叔辛基苯酚在我国8个湖库、11条主要河流、9个城市市内河流、污水处理厂进出水以及近海的水体和沉积物的环境暴露浓度数据，以及4-叔辛基苯酚的急慢性毒性数据。采用物种敏感性分布法(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)估算了4-叔辛基苯酚淡水、海水以及沉积物的预测无效应浓度(predicted no effect concentration,PNEC)，并采用商值法对其进行了生态风险评估。结果表明，长江水系、珠江水系中4条河流地表水部分点位生态风险高，且珠江水系的风险相对较高；9个城市中的上海、广州、宁波、济南、太原和东莞6个城市河流部分点位生态风险较高；28个淡水地表水点位中，高生态风险占比为35.7%。10处有浓度数据报道的淡水沉积物中，9处为低风险，1处为中风险，海水及海洋沉积物均为低风险，4-叔辛基苯酚对我国淡水环境的影响应该引起重视。Abstract: 4-tert-octylphenol is an organic pollutant with endocrine disrupting effects, which is widely distributed in environment. It is necessary to pay more attention to its ecological risks. We collected and analyzed the concentration data of 4-tert-octylphenol in water and sediment from 8 lakes and reservoirs, 11 major rivers, 9 urban rivers, inflow and outflow of wastewater treatment plants and offshore waters in China since 2010, and their acute and chronic toxicities. Based on these data, the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) of freshwater, seawater and sediment were calculated using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method and the ecological risk evaluation was carried out using the quotient method. The results show that some surface water sites of four rivers in the Yangtze and Pearl River systems are at high risk, and the risk in the Pearl River system is relatively high. Six of the nine cities, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Ningbo, Ji'nan, Taiyuan and Dongguan, are at high risk at some sites of their rivers. Overall, the high-risk sites account for 35.7% of the total 28 freshwater sites. 90% of freshwater sediments were at low risk and the rest 10% at medium risk. Both seawater and marine sediments were at low risk. The evaluation results indicate that the impact of 4-tert-octylphenol on our freshwater environment should be taken seriously.
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