发达国家金属环境风险评估方法研究
Study on Methods of Metal Environment Risk Assessment in Developed Countries
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摘要: 金属进入环境后可能会对人体和生态环境造成潜在危害。目前发达国家金属环境风险评估体系已较为完善，而我国尚处于起步阶段。为了科学开展金属环境风险评估，以发达国家金属环境风险评估方法为研究对象，对美国环境保护局(United States Environmental Protection Agency,US EPA)、国际矿业与金属委员会(International Council on Mining and Metals,ICMM)等发达国家或国际组织发布的金属风险评估指南、导则中涉及的研究范围、关键评估要素等方面进行总结和分析。研究发现金属环境风险评估基于危害及效应评估、暴露评估及风险表征3个步骤，但由于在属性等方面的特殊性，在开展金属风险评估时需要考虑自然本底属性、营养属性、金属形态、金属混合物及其相互作用以及地域环境的差异性等要素，本文就上述要素提出了讨论与展望，以期为我国金属环境风险评估指南的建立提供参考。Abstract: After entering the environment, metals may cause potential harm to human body and ecological environment. At present, the metal environmental risk assessment system in developed countries has been relatively complete, while China is still in the initial stage. In order to scientifically carry out the environmental risk assessment of metals, this paper summarizes and analyzes the scope of research and key assessment elements involved in the metal risk assessment guidelines by developed countries or international organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) and the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM), etc. It is found that metal environmental risk assessment is based on three steps:hazard and effect assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization, but due to the specificity in properties and other aspects, elements such as natural background properties, nutritional properties, metal morphology, metal mixtures and their interactions, and the variability of geographical environments need to be considered when conducting metal risk assessment. This paper presents a discussion and outlook on these elements, with the aim of providing a reference for the establishment of environmental risk assessment guidelines in China.
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Key words:
- metal /
- environmental risk assessment /
- evaluation elements /
- metal form /
- metal properties
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