太原市某垃圾填埋场渗滤液及周边环境重金属污染及健康风险评估
Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risk Assessment of a Landfill Site in Taiyuan City
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摘要: 探讨垃圾渗滤液、填埋场周围土壤和地下水中的重金属污染特征及其对生态环境和人体健康的影响。采集山西省太原市某垃圾填埋场和中转站冬夏季渗滤液、填埋场周边土壤和地下水样本，测定其中重金属含量；分析渗滤液中金属污染的季节性变化；利用健康风险评估模型，估计不同暴露途径下填埋场附近重金属污染对成人和儿童的健康风险。结果表明：（1）夏季填埋场渗滤液（陈年渗滤液）中重金属检出的种类较冬季多。夏季中转站渗滤液（新鲜渗滤液）中检出重金属种类比填埋场中的少，但其金属浓度（除Cr外）较高。（2）土壤重金属平均浓度的顺序为Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb>Ni>As>Hg，地下水中重金属平均含量顺序为Zn>Ni>Cu>Cr>Pb。（3）重金属污染对成人的非致癌总风险在安全阈值内，但对儿童的非致癌总风险接近安全阈值。重金属污染非致癌风险的主要暴露途径为经饮水摄入。有潜在健康风险的重金属主要是As、Pb和Cr。（4）重金属污染对人群的致癌总风险在安全阈值内，主要暴露途径为土壤口食摄入和呼吸吸入。垃圾填埋场和中转站渗滤液中重金属的种类和浓度不同；填埋场附近土壤和地下水中重金属的种类和浓度也有差异。填埋场附近环境的重金属污染对成人和儿童没有健康风险，但有潜在安全隐患。Abstract: This study aims to investigate the pollution characteristics of heavy metal in the waste leachate, and effects of groundwater and soil around the landfill on the ecological environment and human health. The leachate samples in winter and summer from a landfill and a waste transfer station in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province and the soil and groundwater samples were collected. The contents of heavy metals in the leachate samples were measured and the seasonal changes were analyzed. The health risk assessment model was used to estimate the health risks of environmental heavy metal pollution to adults and children under different exposure paths. Results show that: (1) More types of heavy metal were detected in the leachate of the landfill (old leachate) in summer than that in winter. The types of heavy metals in the leachate of the transfer station in summer (fresh leachate) were lower than that in the landfill, whereas the metal concentrations (except Cr) in fresh leachate were higher. (2) The order of the average concentration of heavy metal in soil was Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb>Ni>As>Hg, while it was Zn>Ni>Cu>Cr>Pb in groundwater. (3) The total carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children induced by heavy metal pollution were within the safety threshold, while the risks for children approaching the threshhold. The main exposure pathway of non-carcinogenic risks was water intake. Heavy metals with potential health risks were As, Cr and Pb. (4) The total risks of carcinogenesis to human caused by metal pollution were within the safety threshold, and the main exposure routes were oral soil intake and respiratory inhalation. The types and concentrations of heavy metals in the leachate of the landfill and transfer stations are different. They are discrepant in soil and groundwater around the landfill. Environmental heavy metal contamination near the landfill would not pose a health risk to adults or children. However, it has potential safety and health problem.
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Key words:
- heavy metals /
- health risk assessment /
- landfill /
- leachate /
- soil /
- groundwater
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