4种唑类杀菌剂对蛋白核小球藻的急性毒性及其致毒机理
Acute Toxicity and Mechanism of Four Azole Fungicides to Chlorella pyrenoidosa
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摘要: 唑类杀菌剂因其广谱性和稳定性会残留在水环境中，从而危害人类及其他生物的健康。目前对唑类杀菌剂的毒性研究大多集中在急性毒性，对其致毒机理知之甚少。本研究将三唑醇、三唑酮、克霉唑和氯咪巴唑4种常见的唑类杀菌剂作为目标污染物，以蛋白核小球藻作为指示生物，研究4种唑类杀菌剂暴露96 h后对蛋白核小球藻生长和生理变化的抑制作用。结果表明，4种目标污染物浓度越高对蛋白核小球藻的生长抑制程度越强，在50%效应下，96 h时毒性大小为：氯咪巴唑>克霉唑>三唑醇>三唑酮。其毒性机制可能与活性氧（ROS）的持续积累有关，随着污染物浓度升高，ROS含量不断增加，其中刺激作用最明显的是克霉唑，ROS的增加促进丙二醛（MDA）的大量产生，从而使绿藻产生氧化损伤，激发了不同水平的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性；同时，它们对叶绿素和蛋白质的合成也存在明显的抑制，破坏了绿藻的光合机制，最终造成藻细胞凋亡。研究结果为评估唑类杀菌剂对水生生物的毒性提供重要的理论支持。Abstract: Due to their broad spectrum and stability, azole fungicides will remain in the aqueous environment, causing harm to the health of humans and other organisms. At present, most studies on the toxicities of azole fungicides have focused on acute toxicity, while there are few researches on their toxic mechanism. In this study, four common azole fungicides (triadimenol, triadimefon, clotrimazole, and clomibazole) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa were separately selected as target pollutants and an indicator organism to explore the inhibitory effects of the azole fungicides on the growth and physiological changes of Chlorella pyrenoidosa after exposure of 96 h. The results showed that the growth inhibitions of azole fungicides on Chlorella pyrenoidosa were enhanced with the increase of their concentrations. At the median effect level, the toxicity order of the four azole fungicides was: clomibazole > clotrimazole > triadimenol > triadimefon. The content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased with the concentrations of azole fungicides (especially clotrimazole), indicating that the toxicity mechanism of azole fungicides might be related to the continuous accumulation of ROS. The increase of ROS stimulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and promoted the production of more malondialdehyde (MDA), which caused oxidative damage to Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Simultaneously, they also caused the destruction of photosynthesis and the inhibition on chlorophyll and protein synthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, eventually leading to the apoptosis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa cells. The results obtained in this work will provide a significant theoretical support for assessing the toxicity of azole fungicides to aquatic organisms.
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Key words:
- azole fungicides /
- Chlorella pyrenoidosa /
- acute toxicity /
- oxidative damage
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