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室内环境中传统与新型溴代阻燃剂的采样方法研究进展

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王永越, 杨晓萌, 刘昱喆, 张清, 肖鸿雁, 姚义鸣, 孙红文. 室内环境中传统与新型溴代阻燃剂的采样方法研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2020, (11): 3050-3063. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020022201
引用本文: 王永越, 杨晓萌, 刘昱喆, 张清, 肖鸿雁, 姚义鸣, 孙红文. 室内环境中传统与新型溴代阻燃剂的采样方法研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2020, (11): 3050-3063. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020022201
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WANG Yongyue, YANG Xiaomeng, LIU Yuzhe, ZHANG Qing, XIAO Hongyan, YAO Yiming, SUN Hongwen. Sampling methods for legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in indoor environment[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, (11): 3050-3063. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020022201
Citation: WANG Yongyue, YANG Xiaomeng, LIU Yuzhe, ZHANG Qing, XIAO Hongyan, YAO Yiming, SUN Hongwen. Sampling methods for legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in indoor environment[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, (11): 3050-3063. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020022201
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室内环境中传统与新型溴代阻燃剂的采样方法研究进展

  • 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 教育部环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室, 天津, 300071

    • 通讯作者: 姚义鸣, E-mail: yimingyao@nankai.edu.cn ; 
  • 基金项目:

    国家自然科学基金（NSFC41807356，41573097，41603101），天津市自然科学基金（19JCQNJC07400，18JCQNJC09200）和国家级大学生创新创业训练计划（201810055111）资助.

Sampling methods for legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in indoor environment

  • College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Processes and Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    • Corresponding author: YAO Yiming, yimingyao@nankai.edu.cn ; 
  • Fund Project: Supported by the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (NSFC41807356,41573097,41603101), National Natural Science Foundation of China (19JCQNJC07400,18JCQNJC09200) and National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(201810055111).

  • 摘要: 溴代阻燃剂（brominated flame retardants，BFRs）是一类性质稳定、效果出色的阻燃剂，作为工业添加剂被广泛应用于生活用品、电子电器以及织物的生产过程中，在全球正被大量使用.由于这些产品大多在室内使用，是BFRs人体暴露的主要来源.近年来，传统与新型BFRs在室内环境中常被同时检出，且BFRs在室内环境中的浓度普遍比室外更高，因此，BFRs在室内环境中的污染特征与暴露风险受到越来越多的关注.本文对近年来全球范围内室内环境中BFRs的研究作了汇总与梳理，对比采样方法的差异，评价方法的适用环境.针对室内空气，被动采样与小流量主动采样都有普遍的应用，但由于被动采样耗时长，在目前的研究中更多用于浓度较低的室内环境；而小流量主动采样，虽然灵活性低，但采样效率高，在目前的研究中更多用于高浓度的室内环境.室内灰尘的采集方式大体上包括吸尘器和刷子采样，其中真空吸尘器采样效率高，虽然被普遍应用，但对灰尘扰动性强，有可能低估一些挥发性较强的低溴BFRs的浓度水平；因而，刷子也常作为室内灰尘的采样手段，虽然效率较低，但更多用于大量积尘的台面，能够降低对于细颗粒物的扰动.目前我国已成为室内环境中BFRs的主要研究地区之一，但针对新型BFRs的调查研究还不够全面，应加强对于室内空气和灰尘的多介质监测研究.因此，本文展望室内环境中BFRs采样手段应在保证满足多种类目标化合物的同步监测的同时，提高对于BFRs化合物的采集选择性，并鼓励更多空气与灰尘样品的配套分析研究，以期对我国室内环境中BFRs的调查研究手段提供参考.
    Abstract: Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) are a series of stable and outstanding flame retardants and have been used in large quantities worldwide in manufacturing processes of human daily uses, electronics and textiles. These products are mostly used in indoor environment thus become main human exposure sources. So far, legacy and novel BFRs have been frequently detected in indoor environment with levels higher than those in outdoor environment. As a result, contamination characteristics and human exposure risks of BFRs in indoor environment are gaining increasing concerns. This study summaries studies in recent years to compare their sampling methods and evaluate the suitable conditions. As for indoor air, passive sampling and low-volume active sampling are both widely used. Passive sampling takes more time and has been adopted more frequently in the indoor environment of comparatively low BFR concentrations. Low-volume active sampling is less flexible but with good efficiency, and it is deployed more often in the indoor environment of comparatively high BFR concentrations in the literature. Sampling methods for indoor dust usually take vacuum cleaners and brushes. Despite of frequent application and high efficiency, vacuum cleaners may strongly remobilize precipitated dust, thus possibly lead to underestimated levels of low-brominated compounds, which are of higher volatility. Although with relatively low efficiency, brushes are often used to sample elevated surfaces with amounted dust without strongly remobilizing fine particles. For now, China has become one of the largest regions for studies on contamination characteristics of BFRs in indoor environment, but more researches on novel BFRs in indoor environment are needed to promote monitoring of multiple matrices for indoor air and dust. Therefore, this study proposes outlooks that methods of indoor sampling should focus on improving selectivity on BFR sampling while pursuing simultaneously monitoring multi-classes compounds and more researches are also encouraged for paired indoor air and dust samples, in expect to share fundamental ideas for study methodologies on BFRs in indoor environment in China.
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-02-22

室内环境中传统与新型溴代阻燃剂的采样方法研究进展

    通讯作者: 姚义鸣, E-mail: yimingyao@nankai.edu.cn ; 
  • 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 教育部环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室, 天津, 300071
  • 收稿日期:  2020-02-22
基金项目:

国家自然科学基金（NSFC41807356，41573097，41603101），天津市自然科学基金（19JCQNJC07400，18JCQNJC09200）和国家级大学生创新创业训练计划（201810055111）资助.

摘要: 溴代阻燃剂（brominated flame retardants，BFRs）是一类性质稳定、效果出色的阻燃剂，作为工业添加剂被广泛应用于生活用品、电子电器以及织物的生产过程中，在全球正被大量使用.由于这些产品大多在室内使用，是BFRs人体暴露的主要来源.近年来，传统与新型BFRs在室内环境中常被同时检出，且BFRs在室内环境中的浓度普遍比室外更高，因此，BFRs在室内环境中的污染特征与暴露风险受到越来越多的关注.本文对近年来全球范围内室内环境中BFRs的研究作了汇总与梳理，对比采样方法的差异，评价方法的适用环境.针对室内空气，被动采样与小流量主动采样都有普遍的应用，但由于被动采样耗时长，在目前的研究中更多用于浓度较低的室内环境；而小流量主动采样，虽然灵活性低，但采样效率高，在目前的研究中更多用于高浓度的室内环境.室内灰尘的采集方式大体上包括吸尘器和刷子采样，其中真空吸尘器采样效率高，虽然被普遍应用，但对灰尘扰动性强，有可能低估一些挥发性较强的低溴BFRs的浓度水平；因而，刷子也常作为室内灰尘的采样手段，虽然效率较低，但更多用于大量积尘的台面，能够降低对于细颗粒物的扰动.目前我国已成为室内环境中BFRs的主要研究地区之一，但针对新型BFRs的调查研究还不够全面，应加强对于室内空气和灰尘的多介质监测研究.因此，本文展望室内环境中BFRs采样手段应在保证满足多种类目标化合物的同步监测的同时，提高对于BFRs化合物的采集选择性，并鼓励更多空气与灰尘样品的配套分析研究，以期对我国室内环境中BFRs的调查研究手段提供参考.

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