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人工浮床采用无土栽培技术原理,将挺水植物种植于漂浮在水面的浮床上,使植物根系淹没在水中与污染物直接接触,利用根际过滤、植物吸收、植物降解和微生物降解等作用去除水中污染物[1]。浮床植物修复治理污水受多种条件限制,如植物生长、污染程度和微生物协同作用等因素。植物的生长受季节变化影响,特别是季节变化带来的温度和光照时间的影响较大。植物对污染物的去除还受到污水污染程度的制约,污水污染严重可能对植物产生毒害作用导致生长受限,给处理效果带来波动性[2]。
美人蕉(Canna indica)是多年宿根草本植物,根系发达,存活率高,花果期长(北方6~10月,南方3~12月),可陆生、湿生和水生,广泛分布在我国大陆的南北各个地区,是污水和河道植物修复的常用挺水植物[3-4]。人工湿地中美人蕉的相关研究较多[5-7],但对美人蕉在人工浮床中应用效果的研究还不多见,尤其是美人蕉在各个季节移栽后的生长情况和脱氮除磷效果等方面的研究较少。本实验以人工浮床形式在春、夏、秋和冬4个季节分别培育美人蕉,研究同一生长阶段的美人蕉在不同季节对不同浓度污水中氮和磷等营养元素的去除效果,探索美人蕉脱氮除磷能力受季节变化的影响,以期为美人蕉在污水处理中的全年栽种收割提供一定的研究基础。
不同季节栽种美人蕉对污水脱氮除磷的研究
Study on nitrogen and phosphorus removal from sewage by planting Canna indica in different seasons
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摘要: 采用美人蕉浮床方式,进行了不同季节同一生长阶段美人蕉在高、低浓度污水中生长和脱氮除磷的实验研究。4个实验期内(各28 d),美人蕉均能正常生长,夏季生长较其他季节旺盛。TN和TP去除量存在显著差异,各季节TN和TP去除率有显著相关性,夏季高浓度TN和TP的单位面积去除量分别为24.86和1.45 g/m2,去除率分别为77.55%和53.60%,均是冬季的7~8倍。同样受季节变化影响,低浓度去除效果冬季最低,春夏季最高,TN去除率为26.50%~90.36%,TP为16.22%~85.58%。在南方,美人蕉浮床四季均能用于污水处理,春夏季节较秋冬季节处理效果更好,且适合于高浓度污水处理。Abstract: The growth status and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies by the floating-bed of Canna indica with the same growth stage were experimentally studied in different seasons with different concentrations of the sewage. During the four experiment periods (28 d in each period), Canna indica all grew well. Meanwhile, it was more vigorous in summer than in other seasons. There was a significant difference between TN and TP removal and also a significant correlation among TN and TP removal rates in each season. The removal results of TN and TP with a high concentration in summer were 24.86 g/m2 and 1.45 g/m2, indicating that the removal rates were 77.55% and 53.60%, respectively, which was 7~8 times of that in winter. Similarly, for the low concentration sewage, the higher removal efficiency appeared in spring and summer, while the removal efficiency was lower in winter. The removal rates of TN and TP were 26.50%~90.36% and 16.22%~85.58% respectively. In the southern areas, Canna indica floating-bed could treat the sewage for all seasons. There is a better treatment performance in spring and summer, and it is suitable for the high concentration sewage.
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Key words:
- Canna indica floating-bed /
- seasons /
- planting /
- TN /
- TP /
- growth status /
- southern cities
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表 1 实验用水水质
污染物 污水浓度/ mg·L−1 高 低 COD 223±39.2 68±11.0 TN 42.48±5.10 10.28±2.88 NH4+-N 35.43±3.73 7.86±1.63 TP 4.19±0.72 1.37±0.30 表 2 不同季节美人蕉生长情况
季节 鲜重/g 茎长/cm 根数/个 分蘖数/个 污水浓度高 污水浓度低 污水浓度高 污水浓度低 污水浓度高 污水浓度低 污水浓度高 污水浓度低 春 315 298 80 68 59 39 5 3 夏 353 305 86 70 67 48 8 5 秋 164 147 72 70 41 34 3 2 冬 88 86 50 49 34 27 0 0 表 3 美人蕉单位面积氮、磷总去除量
g·m−2 季节 污水浓度高 污水浓度低 TP TN TP TN 春 1.86±0.11a 23.9±1.40a 0.64±0.06a 4.78±0.13a 夏 1.45±0.08ab 24.86±0.24ab 0.92±0.04b 6.59±0.11b 秋 0.59±0.02b 6.41±0.42b 0.91±0.04bc 3.43±0.02ac 冬 0.19±0.04c 3.38±0.19c 0.09±0.02d 2.35±0.04d 注:同列不同字母表示相互之间差异显著(P<0.05)。 表 4 不同季节TN和TP去除率相关性
季节 污水浓度/mg·L−1 高 低 春 0.978 0.997 夏 0.978 0.873 秋 0.970 0.790 冬 0.969 0.940 -
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