不同酸化体系测定中国不同地区土壤重金属的比较研究
Comparative study of acidification systems for determination of heavy metals in soils from different areas in China
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摘要: 本文采用硝酸-氢氟酸-盐酸-过氧化氢（5∶1∶1∶1）的消解体系和硝酸-过氧化氢（6∶2）消解体系，均通过微波消解法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定土壤中的铬、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅等7种元素.分析了来自全国不同地区的9种土壤与水系沉积物的质控样品，研究了全量微波消解酸体系对土壤中7种重金属测定的影响.结果表明，对于Cr和Pb元素，硝酸-过氧化氢消解体系可溶态元素的结果显著低于元素全量的结果，未加入氢氟酸，难以将硅晶格中的Cr和Pb析出.对于As元素，硝酸-氢氟酸-盐酸-过氧化氢消解体系的回收率略有偏高，推测其原因为盐酸引入的氯离子对ICP-MS的测定产生了质谱型干扰，因此消解体系应尽量避免引入氯.对于Ni、Cu和Zn的结果，硝酸-过氧化氢消解体系的回收率在75%—110%的范围，两种消解体系结果的偏差较小，硝酸-过氧化氢法测定的可溶态元素的结果可以较好的反映元素全量的水平.对比不同地区土壤的结果发现，除水系沉积物和砖红壤中的Pb及砖红壤中的Cr，土壤中部分Cr和Pb难以被硝酸-过氧化氢体系消解出来，在环境中处于稳定的状态，因此采用硝酸-过氧化氢体系能更准确地评估Cr和Pb对环境的危害.
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关键词:
- 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 /
- 土壤 /
- 微波消解
Abstract: In this paper, the digestion system of nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid-hydrochloric acid-hydrogen peroxide (5∶1∶1∶1) and the digestion system of nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide (6∶2) were uesd. Seven elements of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead in soil were analyzed by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Nine quality control samples of soil and sediment from different parts of the country were analyzed. The effects of full microwave digestion acid system on the determination of seven heavy metals in soil were studied. The results showed that for Cr and Pb elements, the results of the soluble elements by the nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide method were significantly lower than the results of the total amount of elements by the nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid-hydrochloric acid-hydrogen peroxide method. Without the addition of hydrofluoric acid, it was difficult to dissociate Cr and Pb from the silicon lattice. For As element, the recovery of the nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid-hydrochloric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion system was slightly higher. It was speculated that the reason was that the chloride ion introduced by hydrochloric acid had caused mass spectrometry interference in the measurement of ICP-MS, so the digestion system should avoid introducing chlorine. For the results of Ni, Cu and Zn, the recovery rate of the nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion system was in the range of 75%—110%. The deviation of the results of the two digestion systems was low. So the results of the soluble element determination by the nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide method could well reflect the level of the total amount of elements. Comparing the results of soils in different regions, it was found that part of Cr and Pb in the soil was difficult to be completely digested by the nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide system and was in a stable state in the environment. This result was not applicable to Pb in sediment and laterite and Cr in laterite. Therefore, the use of the nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide system could more accurately assess the environmental damage of Cr and Pb.-
Key words:
- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry /
- soil /
- microwave digestion
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