山西省黄瓜农药残留检测及膳食摄入风险评估
Detecting Cucumber Pesticide Residues and Assessing Its Dietary Intake Risk in Shanxi Province
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摘要: 为了明确山西省黄瓜的农药残留状况与居民的膳食摄入风险情况，采用气相色谱串联质谱仪（GC-MS/MS）和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）对山西省75个黄瓜样品进行了70种农药残留定量检测，并根据健康风险指数（HRI）法和英国食品标准局（FSA）风险排序体系对黄瓜中检出的农药进行风险分析。结果表明，黄瓜样品的农药检出率为97.3%，检出农药39种，农药多残留检出率为64.0%。按照我国《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》（GB 2763-2019）判定，有4种农药（氧乐果、涕灭威、阿维菌素和异丙威）的残留量超过了最大残留限量（MRL）。采用健康风险评估方法，按检出农药的残留浓度平均值计算，其HRI均<1，摄入风险在可接受范围。农药风险排序得出，39种农药在高、中和低风险水平的比例分别为5.1%、25.7%和69.2%，其中，氧乐果和涕灭威是风险较高的农药品种。建议加强农药残留例行监测和农药使用管理，确保农产品质量安全。Abstract: This study aims to determine the status of cucumber pesticide residues and the risk of dietary intake for residents in Shanxi Province, China. We conduct a quantitative detection of 70 kinds of pesticide residues in 75 cucumber samples, by using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument (GC-MS/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry instrument (UPLC-MS/MS), and analyzes the risk factors of pesticide residues detected in cucumber according to health risk index (HRI) method and Food Standards Agency (FSA) risk ranking system. The results show that the detection rate of pesticide residues in cucumber is 97.3%, with 39 kinds of pesticides detected, and the detection rate of pesticide multi-residue is 64.0%. In accordance with National Food Safety Standard-Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food (GB 2763-2019), four kinds of pesticide residues, i.e., omethoate, aldicarb, abamectin and isopropyl exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL). Adopting a health risk assessment method, this study demonstrates that HRIs detected are all less than one, based on the average value of the detected pesticide residue concentrations, which indicates that dietary intake risk is at an acceptable level. The results of pesticide risk ranking demonstrates that the rate of pesticides at high, medium and low risk levels are 5.1%, 25.7% and 69.2% respectively, and the pesticides with the highest risk are omethoate and aldicarb. It is recommended that routine monitoring of pesticide residues and management of pesticide application should be strengthened to keep the agricultural produces safe.
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Key words:
- pesticide residues /
- cucumber /
- risk assessment /
- detecting
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