贵州草海湖泊表层水与沉积物中全氟化合物的污染特征及风险评估
Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of perfluorinated compounds in surface water and sediments of Caohai Lake of Guizhou Province
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摘要: 目前，我国对于全氟化合物（perfluorinated compounds，PFCs）的研究多集中于东部沿海地段，对于其他地区尤其是偏远地区全氟化合物的研究还非常有限.本研究通过建立底泥和水中15种PFCs的超高效液相色谱质谱的快速检测方法，以考察贵州草海地区表层水与沉积物中PFCs的分布情况并计算该地区的环境风险值.结果显示除了4种长链PFCs（C12、C13、C14、C16）未检出外，其他11种PFCs在环境中普遍检出，表层水中总质量浓度范围为3.17-16.33 ng·L-1，以PFBA的平均浓度最高，为3.15 ng·L-1.沉积物中总质量浓度范围为0.11-1.34 ng·g-1，PFOA与PFOS为主要检出物质，平均浓度为0.105 ng·g-1和0.103 ng·g-1.总体分布呈现出县城侧>湖中游>乡村侧的趋势.对研究地区表层水与沉积物中PFCs生态风险做出评估，显示的风险情况未达到对生态环境造成风险的范围.实验结果以及草海人文地理特征表明，城市人类活动排污废水和大气沉降可能是草海地区水和沉积物PFCs的主要来源.本研究通过研究偏远地区高原湖泊中PFCs的赋存情况，实验结果为远离生产污染源的偏远地区全氟化合物的污染情况提供参考数据.Abstract: At present, China's research on perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) is mostly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, and research on perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in other areas, especially remote areas, is still very limited. This study established a rapid detection method for 15 PFCs in sediments and water by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to investigate the distribution of PFCs in surface water and sediments in Caohai, Guizhou, and calculate the environmental risk value of the area. The results showed that except for 4 long-chain PFCs (C12, C13, C14, C16) that were not detected, the other 11 PFCs were generally detected in the environment. The total mass concentration in surface water ranged from 3.17 to 16.33 ng·L-1. The average concentration of PFBA is the highest, 3.15 ng·L-1. The total mass concentration in the sediment ranges from 0.11 to 1.34 ng·g-1, PFOA and PFOS are the main detected substances, and the average concentration is 0.105 ng.g-1 and 0.103 ng·g-1. The overall distribution presents a trend of county side > lake center > rural side. The ecological risk of PFCs in the surface water and sediments of the study area was evaluated, and the risk situation revealed did not reach the range of risk to the ecological environment. The experimental results and the cultural and geographical characteristics of Caohai indicate that urban human activities sewage and atmospheric deposition may be the main sources of water and sediment PFCs in Caohai. This study studied the occurrence of PFCs in plateau lakes in remote areas, and the experimental results provided reference data for the pollution of perfluorinated compounds in remote areas far away from production pollution sources.
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