2019年元宵节重污染期间济宁市PM2.5化学组分特征及污染成因分析
Analysis of PM2.5 chemical characteristics and causes during heavy pollution in Jining City around the Lantern Festival of 2019
-
摘要: 采用观测资料与轨迹模拟相结合的方法，对济宁市2019年元宵节前后出现的一次空气污染过程的大气环境背景、气象因素、污染物变化、组分特征等进行了分析，并探讨了污染成因.结果表明，污染过程中济宁市PM2.5小时浓度峰值为211 μg·m-3，主要成分为NO3-、SO42-、NH4+等二次无机组分，占比之和达到77.4%，钾离子浓度在元宵节夜间增加18倍.在PM2.5质量浓度高值时段，SO42-占比大幅增加.NO3-/SO42-值为0.7—0.9，SOR值为0.7—0.8，NOR值为0.5—0.6，一次排放源中燃煤的贡献更为显著.济宁此次重污染过程受元宵节期间烟花燃放和春节后复工影响，本地污染物排放贡献显著.在静稳高湿、近地逆温等不利扩散气象条件下污染物快速累积，气态污染物的二次转化和颗粒物的吸湿增长显著抬升了PM2.5浓度，硫酸盐爆发式增长加剧了污染发生.受偏北风影响，携带高浓度污染物的气团由北向南传输，是济宁市本次污染过程发展的关键因素.建议加强二次无机组分前体物SO2、NOx及NH3排放源的管控，重点关注散煤燃烧和重型柴油车的污染控制，节日期间坚决采取烟花爆竹禁放措施，同时做好秋冬季空气质量预测预警工作，确保各项应急减排措施落实到位，并加强区域间的联防联控，减少污染传输影响.Abstract: Based on the analysis of measurement data and air mass trajectory, the study discussed the atmospheric environment background, meteorological factors, pollutant changes and component characteristics of a heavy air pollution process occurred before and after the lantern festival in 2019 in Jining City. During this period, the peak concentration of PM2.5 in the whole area of Jining City was 211 μg·m-3, the main components were secondary inorganic components such as NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+, accounting for 77.4% of the total PM2.5 mass concentration. In particular, compared with non-pollution days, the potassium ion concentration has increased by 18 times during the night of the Lantern Festival. We also found that with the mass concentration of PM2.5 continued to increases, the proportion of SO42- components increases significantly. The NO3-/SO42- ratio was between 0.7 and 0.9, the SOR value was between 0.7 and 0.8, and the NOR was between 0.5 and 0.6, coal combustion contributed significantly to the primary emission sources. Influenced by the fireworks and firecrackers during the Lantern Festival and industrial sources discharge coursed by resumption of work after the Spring Festival, the local pollutant sources significantly contributed to this heavy pollutions period. Under the static weather, high relative humidity, near-surface radiation inversion and other unfavorable diffusion meteorological conditions, the secondary conversion of gaseous pollutants and the hygroscopic growth of particulate matter make the sulfate explosive growth. Through the analysis of the backward trajectory, air mass contained large amount of pollutants transported from north to south further increased the Jining local degree of pollution. Therefore, we proposed the local government to strengthen the control of secondary inorganic precursors such as SO2, NOx and NH3 emission sources, reduce coarse coal combustion, control heavy-duty diesel vehicles. The government also need to resolutely adopt fireworks and firecracker bans during the holiday season, and improve the accuracy of air quality forecast in autumn and winter as well, ensure that all emergency response measurements are in place, strengthen joint prevention and control between regions.
-
Key words:
- PM2.5 /
- heavy pollution /
- lantern festival /
- 2019 /
- Jining
-
-
[1] 屠凤娜,王丽.京津冀区域大气污染现状、治理难点及协同治理路径[J].城市,2019(3):3-11. TU F N, WANG L. Current situation difficulties and collaborative approaches of air pollution control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].City,2019 (3):3-11(in Chinese).
[2] 李芳,蔡鹏,李瑞芬,等.2004-2012年济宁市空气质量特征及其与气象要素的关系[J].现代农业科技,2016(18):167-168. LI F, CAI P, LI R F, et al. Air quality characteristics and theirrelationship with meteorological factors in Jining City, 2004 -2012[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2016(18):167-168(in Chinese).
[3] 董宁.济宁东部山区空气污染及其防治措施的气象学分析[J]. 甘肃农业,2012(1):29-30. DONG N.Meteorological analysis of air pollution and its control measures in the east mountain area of Jining[J].Gansu Agriculture,2012 (1):29-30(in Chinese).
[4] 李峰,安伟铭,赖锡柳.济宁市环境空气PM10和PM2.5污染特征及其影响因素分析[J].工程建设与设计,2017(20):107-108. LI F, AN W M, LAI X L.Analysis on the characteristics andInfluencing factors of PM10
and PM2.5 air pollution in Jining City[J].Environment Engineering Design,2017(20):107-108(in Chinese).[5] 李莉,郭卫华.2009年济宁市空气污染物的时空变化特征分析[J].现代农业科技,2011(24):23-27. LI L, GUO W H. Spatial and temporal characteristics of airpollutants in Jining City in 2009 [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2011(24):23-27(in Chinese).
[6] 李峰.济宁市空气质量现状分析[J].广东化工,2017,44(16):307-309. LI F.The Analysis of the current situation of air quality in Jining[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2017,44(16):307-309(in Chinese).
[7] 环境空气质量标准(GB3095-2012)[S]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2012. Ambient air quality standards(GB3095-2012)[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2012 (in Chinese).
[8] XU H M, CAO J J, HO K F, et al. Lead concentrations in fine particulate matter after the phasing out of leaded gasoline in Xi'an,China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2012,46:217-224. [9] 刘可可,张红,刘桂建.合肥市PM10和PM2.5中元素组成特征及重污染成因分析[J].环境科学,2019,40(8):3415-3420. LIU K K, ZHANG H, LIU G J. Composition characteristics and cause of heavy pollution in PM10 and PM2.5 of Hefei City[J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(8):3415-3420(in Chinese).
[10] 隋玟萱,王颢樾,唐晓,等.山东省2015年PM2.5和O3污染时空分布特征[J].中国环境监测,2019,35(2):59-69. SUI W X, WANG H Y, TANG X, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 pollution in Shandong Province in 2015[J]. Environmental Monitoring of China,2019,35(2):59-69(in Chinese).
[11] 张婷婷,马文林,亓学奎,等.北京城区PM2.5有机碳和元素碳的污染特征及来源分析[J].环境化学,2018,37(12):2758-2766. ZHANG T T,MA W L,QI X K,et al.Characteristics and sources of organic carbon and element carbon in PM2.5 in the urban areas of Beijing[J]..Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(12):2758-2766(in Chinese).
[12] 程渊,刘保双,吴建会,等.菏泽市夏季PM10和PM2.5中水溶性离子组分污染特征[J].环境化学,2019,38(4):729-737. CHENG Y, LIU B S, WU J H, et al. Pollution characteristics of water soluble ion components in PM10 and PM2.5 in Summer in Heze City[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2019,38(4):729-737(in Chinese).
[13] 肖致美,徐虹,李鹏,等.京津冀区域重污染期间PM2.5垂直分布及输送[J].环境科学,2019,40(10):4303-4309. XIAO Z M, XU H, LI P, et al. PM2.5 Vertical distribution and transmission during heavy pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(10):4303-4309(in Chinese).
[14] 张浩杰,高健,孙孝敏,等.唐山市2017年采暖期不同污染等级PM2.5化学组分特征对比与来源分析[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(5):776-786. ZHANG H J, GAO J, SUN X M, et al. Comparison and source analysis of the chemical components of PM2.5 in different pollution grades during the heating period of Tangshan City 2017[J]. Environmental Science Research,2019,32(5):776-786(in Chinese).
[15] 别淑君,杨凌霄,高颖,等.济南市背景区域大气PM2.5污染特征及其对能见度的影响[J].环境科学,2019,40(9):3868-3874. BIE S J, YANG L X, GAO Y, et al. Characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in background area of jinan city and its effect on visibility[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(9):3868-3874(in Chinese).
[16] 黄炯丽,陈志明,莫招育,等.基于高分辨率MARGA分析桂林市PM2.5水溶性离子特征[J].中国环境科学,2019,39(4):1390-1404. HUANG J L, CHEN Z P, MO Z Y, et al. Characterization of PM25 water soluble ion in Guilin City based on high resolution MARGA[J]. China Environmental Science,2019,39(4):1390-1404.
[17] YAO X H,CHAN C K,FANG M,et al.The water-soluble ionic composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai and Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment, 2002, 36(26):4223-4234. [18] 张彩艳,吴建会,张普,等.成都市冬季大气颗粒物组成特征及来源变化趋势[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(7):782-789. ZHANG C Y,WU J H,ZHANG P, et al. Particulate composition and source apportionment trends in winter in Chengdu[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2014,27(7):782-789(in Chinese).
[19] 赵晓楠. 石家庄市大气颗粒物中碳组分污染特征及来源解析[D]. 石家庄:河北科技大学,2019. ZHAO X N. Analysis of pollution characteristics and sources of carbon components in atmospheric particulate matter in Shijiazhuang City[D]. Shijiazhuang:Hebei University of Science & Technology,2019(in Chinese). [20] 张良瑜,陆晓波,杨丽莉,等.强厄尔尼诺事件对我国东部地区冬季空气质量影响的研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2016,28(6):23-27. ZHANG L Y,LU X B,YANG L L,et al. Study on the effects of the strong El Nino Event on air quality of Eastern China in Winter[J]. Environmental Monitoring Management and Technology,2016,28(6):23-27(in Chinese).
-
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2252
- HTML全文浏览数: 2252
- PDF下载数: 64
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
