包头市公园及广场灰尘中重金属污染特征
Contamination characteristics of heavy metals in dusts from square and park of Baotou, China
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摘要: 本文以包头市具有代表性的26个公园和广场为研究对象，采集灰尘样品，利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪测定样品中Ba、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn和V的含量，采用修正的BCR提取法分析灰尘中各种重金属的存在形态，运用地累积指数法和污染负荷指数法，评价包头市公园和广场灰尘重金属的污染程度.研究结果显示，除了Mn、Ni和Zn以外，其他重金属元素的平均含量均高于其区域土壤背景值，尤其是Co、Cr和Pb，其平均含量为区域土壤背景值的2倍以上，富集明显.灰尘中各重金属元素的存在形态差异较大，其整体迁移能力由高到低为Co >Zn >Cu >Mn >Pb >Ba >Ni >V >Cr，其中Co和Zn易迁移，危害较大.灰尘中各重金属元素地累积指数的平均值由大到小依次为Co > Cr >Pb >Cu >Ba >V >Ni >Mn >Zn.包头市公园和广场灰尘受到不同程度的重金属污染，其中，包钢公园和包头乐园属于中度污染，而其他公园和广场属于偏中度污染.昆都仑区公园和广场灰尘重金属污染最严重.Abstract: Dust samples were collected from 26 representative parks and squares of Baotou city. The concentrations of Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in the dust samples were determined by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The modified BCR extraction technique was used to analyze the chemical speciation of these heavy metals. Contamination levels of heavy metals in the park and square dusts were assessed by using the geo-accumulation index and pollution load index. The results indicate that the mean values of Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and V were higher than their corresponding background values in local soil whereas the mean values of Mn, Ni and Zn were lower than their background values. This is especially true for Co, Cr and Pb, for which the mean values were 2 times higher than the background values. The speciation distribution of heavy metal in the dust was different. The order of mobility was Co >Zn >Cu >Mn >Pb >Ba >Ni >V >Cr. The mean geo-accumulation value decreased in the order of Co >Cr >Pb >Cu >Ba >V >Ni >Mn >Zn. The dust in the parks and squares of Baotou was polluted with heavy metals to different degree. Pollution level of heavy metals in dust from squares and parks in Kundulun district was more severe than other areas.
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Key words:
- heavy metal /
- speciation /
- contamination evaluation /
- park /
- square /
- dust
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