胶州湾贝类养殖区沉积物中汞分布与无机汞不同结合态的初步探究
Distribution and speciations of mercury in sediments from shellfish culture areas in Jiaozhou Bay, China
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摘要: 为了研究贝类养殖对沉积物中汞的分布与不同结合态的影响，2012年5月至2013年5月在胶州湾的红岛、黄岛、胶南以及营海贝类养殖区采集55份沉积物样品，分别用冷原子吸收法和连续提取法测定其总汞及不同结合态汞的含量.研究结果表明，胶州湾贝类养殖区沉积物中总汞含量范围为0.037-0.228 mg·kg-1，其中红岛养殖区汞含量最高，超过环境背景值3.2倍.总汞含量在垂直方向上呈从底部到表层增加的趋势，且在沉积物表层富集.通过对比不同区域及不同年代胶州湾表层沉积物总汞含量，发现贝类养殖使得胶州湾养殖区沉积物汞污染程度加重.此外，沉积物中汞主要以残渣态为主，占总汞含量的31.46%，交换态与可溶态所占比例最少，仅占总汞含量的9.06%.几个养殖区域的汞污染程度依次为：红岛 > 营海 > 黄岛 > 胶南，汞的潜在生态风险因子计算结果表明，胶州湾养殖区沉积物存在中等以上的生态风险.Abstract: To understand the influence of shellfish culture on the distribution and speciations of mercury in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay, a total of 55 sediment samples in four culture places, including Hongdao, Huangdao, Jiaonan and Yinghai were collected from May 2012 to May 2013. The mercury content of sediment samples was measured by cold atomic absorption spectrometry, and the mercury speciation was measured by the method of the continuous chemical extraction. Results showed that the range of mercury concentrations in the sediment samples in Jiaozhou Bay was 0.037-0.228 mg·kg-1, and the sediments from Hongdao had the highest average mercury content in all samples, with 3.2 times higher than the environment background values of the local sediment. The vertical distribution of mercury in sediment section showed an increasing trend from the bottom to the top, indicating mercury enrichment in the surface sediments.By analyzing the data of mercury contents in the sediments from different areas and periods in Jiaozhou Bay, it was suggested that the shellfish culture could aggravate the mercury pollution in sediments. Moreover, mercury in sediments existed mainly in the residual fraction, accounting for 31.46%, and the proportion of exchangeable and soluble fraction had the lowest value, only accounting for 9.06%. The order of risk level of mercury contamination in sediments from this several target regions in Jiaozhou Bay was Hongdao > Yinghai > Huangdao > Jiaonan. The evaluation results of the potentially ecological risk index for mercury pollution in the sediments indicated that there was a higher ecological risk to the sediments from shellfish culture regions in Jiaozhou Bay.
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Key words:
- Jiaozhou Bay /
- shellfish culture areas /
- sediment /
- mercury
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