废弃电子垃圾拆解地野生鸟类重金属暴露及肝脏病理学改变
Heavy Metal Exposure and Hepatic Steatosis in Wild Birds Inhabiting an Abandoned E-Waste Recycling Site in China
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摘要: 由于严重的环境污染,我国取缔了粗犷的电子垃圾拆解活动,许多电子垃圾拆解地被废弃,但这些废弃场地野生动物体内重金属等电子垃圾相关污染物暴露水平及健康状况尚不清楚。本研究测定了一典型废弃电子垃圾拆解地白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)、棕背伯劳(Lanius schach)、北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus)、鹊鸲(Copsychus saularis)和翠鸟(Alcedo atthis)等5种鸟类肝脏中Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn的含量,评估了这些重金属在鸟体内的蓄积特征,检查了翠鸟肝组织病理学形态,初步分析了废弃电子垃圾拆解地鸟类的健康状况及其与重金属含量之间的相关性。电子垃圾拆解地白头鹎和鹊鸲肝脏中Cr的含量分别是对照区的3.7倍和3.5倍,表明尽管取缔了粗犷的电子垃圾拆解活动,废弃电子垃圾拆解地野生鸟类重金属暴露水平仍然较高。杂食性鸟类肝脏中Zn、Cd和Pb的含量显著高于食虫鸟和食鱼鸟,而食虫鸟与食鱼鸟肝脏中这些重金属含量无显著性差异。此外,鸟类重金属残留具有性别差异,雄性白头鹎肝脏中Cr、Cu和Zn的含量显著高于雌性。翠鸟肝脏组织学分析发现,脂肪变性发生率为66%。发生脂肪变性的个体肝脏中5种重金属的含量均高于未发生病理学改变的个体。Abstract: Due to the serious environmental pollution, the crude recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) has been banned in China, leaving many abandoned e-waste sites. However, knowledge is limited on the exposure and effects of the e-waste derived contaminants such as heavy metals in wildlife that inhabits such sites. In the present study, we determined the concentrations of five representative metals including Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in light-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), long-tailed shrike (Lanius schach), daurian redstarts (Phoenicurus auroreus), oriental magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis) and common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) from a typical abandoned e-waste site in China, to investigate the accumulation characteristics and the influencing factors of heavy metals in the birds. We also explored the associations between the hepatic levels of heavy metals and liver histopathology changes in the birds from the abandoned e-waste site. The Cr levels in P. sinensis and C. saularis were 3.7-fold and 3.5-fold higher respectively than those examined in the control populations, suggesting contamination of Cr in the bird species, even after the bans of rudimentary e-waste recycling. Omnivorous birds contained significantly higher levels of Zn, Cd and Pb than insectivorous and piscivorous birds, while there were no significant differences in the metal concentrations between insectivorous birds and piscivorous birds. Additionally, a sex-dependent accumulation of Cr, Cu and Zn was found in P. sinensis, with significantly higher levels in males than females. Histological examination of liver of A. atthis showed steatosis occurred in 66% of the birds sampled. Birds with hepatic steatosis had higher metal levels than those without hepatic steatosis.
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Key words:
- heavy metal /
- birds /
- hepatic steatosis /
- feeding habit /
- gender /
- electronic waste
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