典型高危害日化品的筛选及其水生生物预测无效应浓度推导
Screening of Typical High-hazard Daily Chemical Products and Derivation of Their Predicted No-effect Concentration for Aquatic Organisms
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摘要: 随着人们生活水平的提高，众多日用化学品（以下简称日化品）走进家庭，部分日化品中可能含有潜在致癌性、致突变性和生殖毒性的物质（CMR），在方便生活的同时带来了污染，也危害了人体健康。本文通过文献调研法与数据库检索法收集了包括国际香料组织香水成分清单、国际化妆品原料标准中文名称目录2018（草）清单和食品用洗涤剂原料（成分）名单（第一批）（草）在内的8类日化品成分清单，通过与高关注物清单、致癌物清单和内分泌干扰物（EDCs）清单等进行名录比对筛重，识别出典型高危害污染物邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）。DBP作为广泛使用的增塑剂、软化剂等，多应用于化妆品、洗涤用品中，对环境和生物体具有潜在危害。本研究通过收集整理DBP对我国水生生物的急、慢性毒性数据，开展了危害数据质量评估。评估结果表明，在调研的23篇文献以及数据库数据中，共计41条有效数据满足评估要求。采用物种敏感度分布法（SSD）获得通过质量评估的全部物种、鱼类和藻类的5%物种危害浓度（HC5）值，其中正态分布模型得到的HC5值分别为0.59、1.97和0.42 mg·L-1；逻辑斯蒂分布模型得到的HC5值分别为0.63、2.08和0.23 mg·L-1。应用评估系数法估算出全部物种、鱼类和藻类的预测无效应浓度（PNEC）值分别为0.118、0.394和0.046 mg·L-1。研究表明，DBP对不同种类水生生物的PNEC值存在差异，其中藻类相对敏感。本研究基于现有数据完成，以期为DBP的环境风险评估及水质基准建立提供科学依据。
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关键词:
- 日用化学品 /
- 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP) /
- 数据质量评估 /
- 物种敏感度分布(SSD) /
- 预测无效应浓度(PNEC)
Abstract: With the improvement of people's living standard, many daily-use chemicals (hereinafter referred to as daily chemicals) have entered households, and some of them may contain potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic and reproductive toxic substances (CMR), which bring pollution and endanger human health while facilitating life. In this paper, the composition lists of 8 types of daily chemical products, including the International Fragrance Organization perfume composition list, the International Standard for Cosmetic Ingredients 2018 (d.) Chinese name list, and the detergent raw materials (ingredients) list for food (first batch) (d.), were collected by literature research method and database search, and compared with the list of substances of high concern, the list of carcinogens, and the list of endocrine disruptors (EDCs), etc. DBP is widely used as plasticizers and softeners in cosmetics and detergents, and is potentially harmful to the environment and living organisms. In this study, a hazard data quality assessment was conducted by collecting and collating data on the acute and chronic toxicity of DBP to aquatic organisms in China. The assessment results showed that a total of 41 valid data met the assessment requirements in the 23 literatures studied as well as in the database. The HC5 values for all species, fish and algae derived by the data that passed the quality assessment were obtained using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method, where the HC5 values obtained from the normal distribution model were 0.59, 1.97 and 0.42 mg·L-1, respectively; the HC5 values obtained from the logistic distribution model were 0.63, 2.08 and 0.23 mg·L-1, respectively. The PNECs were estimated by applying the evaluation factor method to be 0.118, 0.394 and 0.046 mg·L-1 for all species, fish and algae, respectively. The study showed that there were differences in the PNEC values of DBP for different species of aquatic organisms, among which algae were relatively more sensitive to DBP. This study was done on the basis of available data to provide a scientific basis for environmental risk assessment of DBP and establishment of water quality benchmarks. -
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