无机砷在淡水底栖动物摇蚊幼虫中的吸收和累积
Bioaccumulation of Inorganic Arsenic in the Freshwater Zoobenthos Chironomid Larvae
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摘要: 砷（As）是一种典型的毒害性类金属元素，在水环境中以多种化学形态存在，这影响了As的生物利用度和生理毒性效应。以摇蚊幼虫（chironomid larvae）为对象，探讨其暴露于亚砷酸盐（arsenite，As（Ⅲ））和砷酸盐（arsenate，As（Ⅴ））水溶液中的生物累积规律。结果表明，摇蚊幼虫中As的累积与暴露时间有关，且对As（Ⅲ）的累积较As（Ⅴ）明显。摇蚊幼虫对无机As的生物利用度较低，50 μg·L-1 As（Ⅲ）暴露组和100 μg·L-1 As（Ⅲ）暴露组中摇蚊幼虫对无机As的累积量与对照组相比均没有显著性差异；50 μg·L-1和100 μg·L-1 As（Ⅴ）暴露组中摇蚊幼虫体内总As浓度与对照组相比也没有显著增加。在高浓度的无机As暴露条件下，摇蚊幼虫对As（Ⅲ）的生物利用度高于As（Ⅴ）。暴露于As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）不同时间后，摇蚊幼虫中总As浓度随无机As暴露浓度升高而逐渐增加，但生物累积能力随无机As暴露浓度的升高反而降低。Abstract: Arsenic (As) is a typical toxic metalloid element, which exists in several speciations in aquatic environment. Arsenic speciation affects its bioavailability and physiological toxicity. The purpose of this study is to probe the bioaccumulation pattern of arsenic by chironomid larvae when exposed to water solutions with different concentrations of arsenite (As(Ⅲ)) or arsenate (As(Ⅴ)). The experimental results showed that the accumulation of arsenic in chironomid larvae was related to the exposure time. Compared with As(Ⅴ), As(Ⅲ) was accumulated more significantly by the chironomid larvae. The chironomid larvae had limited ability to bioaccumulate inorganic As from freshwater. There was no significant difference in the accumulation of As between the control group and 50 μg·L-1 or 100 μg·L-1 As(Ⅲ) exposure group. Similar results were observed when chironomid larvae were exposed to 50 μg·L-1 or 100 μg·L-1 As(Ⅴ). When exposed to high concentration of inorganic As, the bioavailability of As(Ⅲ) by chironomid larvae was higher than that of As(Ⅴ). The total As content in chironomid larvae increased gradually with the increase of the exposure concentration of inorganic As, whereas the bioaccumulation ability of inorganic As decreased.
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Key words:
- arsenic /
- chironomid larvae /
- bioaccumulation
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