扑草净、辛硫磷和亚甲基蓝制剂对凡纳滨对虾的急性毒性及组织病理改变
Acute Toxicity of Prometryn, Phoxim, and Methylene Blue and Their Histopathological Effects on Penaeus vannamei
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摘要: 采用静水生物实验法评价扑草净、辛硫磷和亚甲基蓝对凡纳滨对虾（Pemaeus vannamei）的急性毒性风险，为其安全性评估和合理使用提供参考。水温28℃下，3种药物对凡纳滨对虾的24 h半数致死浓度（24 h-LC50）为13.517 mg·L-1、6.32 μg·L-1和5.769 mg·L-1；48 h-LC50分别为5.050 mg·L-1、1.03 μg·L-1和4.698 mg·L-1，安全浓度为0.211 mg·L-1、0.0083 μg·L-1和0.935 mg·L-1。用扑草净、辛硫磷和亚甲基蓝48 h-LC50浓度的1/10进行暴露实验，在0、2、4和6 d取肝胰腺组织和肠道组织做病理切片，得到染毒时间和组织发生病理变化的关系。扑草净暴露4 d和6 d后，凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺出现了少量小管结构破坏，管壁细胞缺失，肠道粘膜层的上皮细胞溶解量增多，胞质呈空泡状。辛硫磷暴露4 d和6 d后，凡纳滨对虾的肝胰腺组织有肝管排列疏松，管壁不完整，细胞缺失，少量管壁细胞脱落入管腔等现象；肠道组织也出现了大面积溶解，局部可见上皮细胞脱落等不良现象。随着亚甲基蓝暴露时间增加，凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和肠道的组织病变越严重，在暴露4 d和6 d后肝胰腺组织的部分肝管结构破坏，细胞缺失，少量管壁细胞坏死，胞核固缩深染或碎裂溶解；肠道组织在暴露6 d后，黏膜层上皮完全丧失，肠腔内可见少量脱落的上皮细胞。Abstract: The acute toxicity risk of three chemicals (prometryn, phoxim, and methylene blue) on Penaeus vannamei was evaluated using hydrostatic biological method. At the temperature of 28℃, the 24 h median lethal concentration (24 h-LC50) of prometryn, phoxim, and methylene blue was 13.517 mg·L-1, 6.32 μg·L-1 and 5.769 mg·L-1, respectively. And the 48 h-LC50 was 5.050 mg·L-1, 1.03 μg·L-1 and 4.698 mg·L-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the safe concentrations of prometryn, phoxim, and methylene blue were 0.211 mg·L-1, 0.0083 μg·L-1, and 0.935 mg·L-1, respectively. Exposure experiments were conducted with the chemical concentration of 10% LC50 at 48 h. Hepatopancreas and intestinal tissues were taken for pathological sections at 0, 2, 4 and 6 d, and the relationship between the time of infection and pathological changes in tissues was obtained. After 4 d and 6 d of prometryn exposure, a small number of tubular structures were destroyed in the hepatopancreas of Penaeus vannamei, and the wall cells were missing. At the same time, the dissolved amount of epithelial cells in the intestinal mucosa was increased, and the cytoplasm was vacuole. After exposure to phoxim for 4 d and 6 d, the hepatopancreas of Penaeus vannamei showed loose arrangement of hepatic ducts, incomplete wall, loss of cells, and a small number of wall cells shed into the lumen. Intestinal tissue also showed a large area of dissolution, local epithelial cell shedding and other adverse phenomena. With the increase of exposure time of methylene blue, tissue lesions were more serious in hepatopancreas and intestinal tract of Penaeus vannamei. At 4 d and 6 d after exposure, some hepatic duct structures in hepatopancreas were damaged, cells were lost, a small number of wall cells were necrotic, and nuclei were hyperchromatic or fragmented and dissolved. After 6 d of exposure, the mucosa epithelium was completely lost, and a small number of epithelial cells were shed in the intestinal lumen.
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Key words:
- prometryn /
- phoxim /
- methylene blue /
- Penaeus vannamei /
- acute toxicity /
- histopathologic change
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