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水能资源是重要的可再生资源,在能源形式趋紧的背景下,水能资源扮演着越来越重要的角色,水电站的建设对增加能源供应、保障能源安全、减排温室气体和保护流域生态等具有重要意义。水电站开发建设环境影响范围广、影响因素复杂、影响周期长,还具有累积和滞后效应,甚至还有可能造成不可逆影响,生态环境保护已成为制约水电发展的重要因素[1]。一直以来,建设单位都十分重视水电站建设前期及建设期的生态环境保护工作,在环境影响评价和建设阶段采取了众多的生态环境保护措施,然而随着水电站正常发电运行,对运行期的污染控制和生态保护工作重视程度有所降低。随着近年水电资源的持续开发,在运行水电站基数的不断增加,特别是河流梯级电站的建设,生态环境问题日益突出,水电站生态环境保护工作的重点势必从规划建设期逐步向运行阶段转移,加强运行期生态环境保护,将成为水电项目可持续发展的关键[2]。本文以安谷水电站为试点,通过对安谷水电站环境管理要求的分析研判,总结和建立运行阶段环境管理内容和管理流程,形成安谷水电站规范化环境管理体系和制度,并开通环境管控信息化平台,实现水电站自身环境管理水平的不断提升,以期为国内水电站运行期间的环境管理提供参考。
水电站运行期环境管控提升途径研究
——以大渡河安谷水电站为例Study on measures to improve environmental management and control during the hydropower station operation ——Taking Angu hydropower station on Dadu River as an example
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摘要: 水电站建设在带来巨大经济效益、社会效益的同时,也极易造成区域的生态环境的破坏,建设单位往往重视水电站建设前期的生态环境保护工作,而忽略运行期生态环境保护的要求。文章以大渡河安谷水电站为例,梳理了安谷水电站运行期生态环境保护的特点,分析了环境管控提升的难点,提出了从生态环境知识中心建设、环境管控提升内容研究、管理规程与制度建设到信息化平台开通使用的环境管控提升途径,可为提升安谷水电站运行期环境管理水平提供工具,亦可为其他水电站开展运行期环境管控提升工作提供借鉴。Abstract: The construction of a hydropower station not only brings huge economic and social benefits, but also easily causes a damage to the regional ecological environment. The construction units often pay attention to the ecological environment protection in the early stage of the hydropower station construction and ignore the requirements of ecological environment protections in the operation period. Taking the Angu hydropower station on the Dadu River as an example, this paper summaries the characteristics of the eco-environmental protection during the operation period of Angu hydropower station, analyzes the difficulties in improving environmental management and control, and puts forward the paths to improve environmental management and control from the aspects of the eco-environmental knowledge center construction, research on the improvement of the environmental management and control, establishment of management procedures and by using the information platform. The study can provide tools to improve the environmental management level of Angu hydropower station during the operation, and also provide a reference for other hydropower stations.
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Key words:
- hydropower station /
- operation period /
- environment management
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