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水质与人类的健康密切相关,未经过处理的水源中含有各种污染物质,包括病原微生物和化学污染物,其中致病性的微生物是危害水体安全的重要因素。文献[1]显示,2016年全国范围内的1 333处饮用水水源中出现水质不达标现象的有98处,对公众健康带来了极大威胁。水体污染的日益加剧,使得水质安全备受关注。
目前我国用于城市污水消毒的方法主要分为化学法和物理法两类。化学消毒法主要包括氯消毒、臭氧消毒,而物理消毒法则以紫外线消毒为代表[2]。氯法作为廉价的消毒灭菌方法有着广泛的应用,但是液氯在储存、运输和投配过程中存在风险,更主要的是氯在消毒过程中余氯会与水中有机物反应生成三氯甲烷等副产物,具有致癌、致畸和致突变的“三致”危险[3]。臭氧和紫外是目前可选的没有化学残留物和有害副产物的已有技术。但臭氧装置及配套设备昂贵,运行和维护费用高,推广困难,并且其工艺中没有剩余臭氧,因此无持续性的消毒作用。紫外比臭氧技术便宜,在少部分污水厂有安装试用,但实际效果不够稳定,无持续消毒能力,并且存在明显的光复活现象[4]。由此可见,污水病原微生物灭活的氯法处理常规技术会产生有害副产物,而臭氧和紫外的成本较高且效果不够理想。为了应对逐年增长的污水排放量,污水的消毒技术亟待新的发展。
微秒脉冲放电灭菌技术是一种全新的水处理方式,该技术具有绿色环保、操作简单并能有效的灭活水中的病原微生物的优势。本文首先对水中脉冲放电在污水中的应用研究情况进行小结,揭示微秒脉冲放电在污水灭菌应用中的高效性;接下来对微秒脉冲的放电机理进行阐述;最后基于放电机理,对微秒脉冲放电理化效应的研究现状进行总结。
微秒脉冲放电在污水灭菌中的理化效应和应用研究综述
Review of physicochemical effect and application of microsecond pulse discharge in sewage sterilization
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摘要: 为了应对逐年增长的污水排放量,污水的消毒亟待发展新的技术与方法。近年来,多名国内外研究者对微秒脉冲放电灭菌技术展开了研究。文章分析了放电注入能量与微生物下降对数之间的关系;总结了微秒脉冲放电机理的研究现状;最后对4种主要理化过程及其灭菌效应进行了讨论。可以看到微秒脉冲放电污水灭菌是一种有前景的技术,有望在污水灭菌领域得到广泛的应用。然而由于其放电过程的复杂性,在投入应用前还有很多基础的科学问题及实用化问题有待研究。Abstract: In order to treat the increasing sewage year by year, new technologies and methods for sewage disinfection need to be developed. In recent years, many domestic and foreign researchers have carried out research on the microsecond pulse discharge sterilization technology. This study analyzed the relationship between the discharge injection energy reported in the literatures and the logarithm of microbial decline, and summarized the research status of the microsecond pulse discharge mechanism. Finally, the four main physicochemical processes and their sterilization effects were investigated. It indicated that the sewage sterilization technology by the microsecond pulse discharge was a promising technology and it could be expected to be widely used in the field of the swage sterilization. However, due to the complexity of the discharge process, there were still many basic scientific issues and practical issues need to be studied before the actual application.
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Key words:
- microsecond /
- pulse discharge /
- sewage sterilization /
- physicochemical effect
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