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近年来,基于短程硝化的能源节约型新型生物脱氮技术成为研究热点。与传统的硝化-反硝化生物脱氮技术相比,短程硝化的一个重要特征为:
${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $ -N被氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOB)氧化至${\rm{NO}}_2^{-} $ -N后,不会被亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB)进一步氧化为${\rm{NO}}_3^{-} $ -N;但由于NOB在自然条件下比AOB生长得更快,故${\rm{NO}}_2^{-} $ -N的稳定积累难以维持。一般通过调节运行参数,如中温[1]、低溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)[2-3]、高游离氨(free ammonia, FA)和高游离亚硝酸盐(free nitrous acid, FNA)[4]等,在维持AOB优势生长地位的同时,创造不利于NOB生长的环境条件对其进行抑制[5]。但在实际工程中,城市污水一般不具备中温或高浓度FA和FNA等条件,而DO为易调控的参数,故低DO策略成为实现短程硝化的常用方法。然而,有研究表明,长期处于低DO条件下的短程硝化效果可能并不理想——NOB菌属丰富的种群结构以及多样性的生长特性,使其能够通过优势种群更替逐渐适应长期限氧抑制环境,并针对性地富集出一些DO亲和力更好(KO2较低)的k-策略Nitrospira菌属[6-10],对长期低DO连续曝气策略下AOB和NOB的选择抑制带来了不确定性。同时,又有诸多研究表明其通过间歇曝气策略实现了稳定的短程硝化,并在基于短程硝化的联合脱氮工艺中得到应用。本文剖析采用间歇曝气策略实现短程硝化工艺的案例,从运行参数中的缺氧时长和DO两个因素对短程硝化效果的影响中找寻相关规律,并分别对两大类脱氮工艺下的缺氧时长和DO影响机制进行探讨,以期为不同工艺系统实现最佳脱氮效果提供参考。
基于溶解氧和缺氧时长调控的间歇曝气策略对短程硝化脱氮工艺的影响
Effect of intermittent aeration strategy based on dissolved oxygen and anoxic period regulation on partial nitrification process
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摘要: 短程硝化的实现可推动能源节约型脱氮工艺的应用。通过阐述间歇曝气策略实现短程硝化的机理,分析了应用间歇曝气策略实例中的运行参数,总结了DO协同缺氧时长分别在单独短程硝化工艺、短程硝化-反硝化(PN/D)工艺以及短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化(PN/A)工艺中的影响效果,如对功能菌活性和系统脱氮效率的影响;提出了以功能菌种、污泥存在形式等影响途径作为依据,基于DO协同缺氧时长的调控策略,并对各脱氮工艺中的运行参数进行优化,以期为各工艺系统实现最佳运行效果提供参考。Abstract: The realization of partial nitrification can promote the application of energy-saving nitrogen removal process. By illustrating the mechanism of intermittent aeration strategy to achieve partial nitrification and analyzing the operation parameters in the application of intermittent aeration strategy, the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) synergistic anoxic time on single partial nitrification process, partial nitrification and denitrification (PN/D) process and partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) process were summarized, such as the effects on the activity of functional bacteria and the nitrogen removal efficiency of the system. In order to parovide reference for realizing the best operation effect of each process, the operation parameters of each denitrification process were optimized based on the regulation strategy of DO synergistic hypoxia duration on the basis of the influence approaches of functional bacteria species and sludge forms.
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表 1 间歇曝气策略下不同工艺系统中的主要运行参数
Table 1. Main operating parameters in different processes under intermittent aeration strategy
工艺类型 反应器
类型缺氧时长/
min好氧时长/
min曝气阶段的DO/
(mg·L−1)进水NH4+-N质量浓度/
(mg·L−1)NAR或TNRE/
%文献 短程硝化 SBR 4 2 1.3~1.7 50 NAR=95% [21] SBR 10 30 0.08 300 NAR>90% [2] SBR 10 10 1.82 ± 0.32 50.2~80.4 NAR=80%~98.4% [22] SBR 15 15 1 30~40 NAR=94.34% [23] SBR 15 15 6 20.1~40.9 NAR=91% [15] SBR 30 30 4~4.5 70~100 NAR>90% [24] SBR 60 30 5 48~83 NAR>90% [25] CSTR 30 30 1~2 100 NAR=95% [26] PN/D SBR 0.7 1.5 5.5 1748±164 TNRE=63%±1% [27] SBR 12 6 5 700 TNRE = 79% [28] SBR 48 72 2.5 41.3±1.8 TNRE >90% [29] SBR 60 20 3~7 50 TNRE=98.0%±1.6% [30] SBR 240 60 1.4 197±111 - [31] MBBR 15 75 4 150 TNRE=69.5% [32] PN/A SBR 15 15 0.08~0.25 62.6±3.1 TNRE=88.3% [33] SBR 18 9 1.0 1000 TNRE=72%~89% [34] SBR 20 180 0.9 70~80 TINR=92.7% [23] SBR 20 20 5.6 60~80 TNRE=89% [35] SBR 21 8 0.4~0.6 36.5~79.51 TNRE=70% [36] SBR 21 7 0.5±0.1 51.2~67.5 TNRE=77% [37] SBR 30 30 0.38 60~80 TNRE=84.32% [38] SBR 30 30 0.9 80 TNRE>72.5% [39] SBR 60 60 0.1 200 TNRE=85.52% [40] MBBR 15 15 0.43 34 TNRE=40% [41] MBBR 15 45 1.5~3.5 980 TNRE 80%$ \approx $ [42] MBBR 30 30 0.2~1.0 90~120 TNRE=85.87% [43] CPFR 10 20 1.5~2.0 48.8±12.4 TNRE =86.0%±4.2% [20] SBBR 120 120 0.9 50~120 TNRE=80.87% [44] SBBR 120 120 1.5 110 TNRE=80% [45] 注:SBR、CSTR、MBBR、CPFR、SBBR分别指序批式反应器(sequencing batch reactor, SBR)、连续搅拌反应器(continuous stirred tank reactor, CSTR)、移动床生物膜反应器(moving-bed biofilm reactor, MBBR)、连续流推流式反应器(continuous plug flow reactor, CPFR)、序批式生物膜反应器(Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor, SBBR)。 -
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