[1] IPCC. Climate Change 2007:Synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[M]. Geneva, Switzerland:IPCC; 2007.
[2] GILLI G, TRAVERSI D, ROVERE R, et al. Air borne particulate matter:Ionic species role in different Italian sites[J]. Environmental Research, 2007, 103:1-8.
[3] MYHRE G, MYHRE A, STORDAL F. Historical evolution of radiative forcing of climate[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 2001, 35(13):2361-2373.
[4] VERMA S, BOUCHER O, UPADHYAYA H C, et al. Sulfate aerosols forcing:An estimate using a three-dimensional interactive chemistry scheme[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 2006, 40(40):7953-7962.
[5] SHEFFIELD P, ROY A, WONG K, et al. Fine particulate matter pollution linked to respiratory illness in infants and increased hospitalcosts[J]. Health Affairs (Millwood), 2011, 30(5):871-878.
[6] NEUBERGER M, SCHIMEK M G, HORAK J F, et al. AUPHEP-Team. acute effects of particulate matter on respiratory diseases, symptom sand functions:Epidemiological results of the Austrian project on health effects of particulate matter (AUPHEP)[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2004, 38:3971-3981.
[7] TIE X X, WU D, BRASSEUR G. Lung cancer mortality and exposure toatmospheric aerosol particles in Guangzhou, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2009, 43:2375-2377.
[8] ALI-MOHAMED A Y. Estimation of inorganic particulate matter in theatmosphere of Isa Town, Bahrain, by dry deposition[J]. Atmospheric Environment. part B. Urban Atmosphere, 1991, 25(3):397-405.
[9] SUN Y, ZHUANG G, TANG A A, et al. Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in haze-fog episodes in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40:3148-3155.
[10] HUEGLIN C, GEHRIG R, URS BALTENSPERGER U, et al. Chemical characterisation of PM2.5, PM10 and coarse particles aturban, near-city and rural sites in Switzerland[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39:637-651.
[11] ZHANG T, CAO J J, TIE X X, et al. Water-soluble ions in atmospheric aerosols measured in Xi'an, China:Seasonal variations and sources[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2011, 102:110-119.
[12] 杨建儿. 上海市近地表大气颗粒物污染特征及来源分析研究[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2011. YANG J E. Study on pollution feature of TSP on the surface of earth and the TSP source judgement-a Case of Shanghai[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2011(in Chinese).
[13] YANG Y, WANG Y, HUANG W, et al. Size distributions and elemental compositions of PM on typical clear, haze and fog days in Beijing, China[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2010, 27(3):663-675.
[14] WANG Y, ZHUANG G, TANG A, et al. The ion chemistry and the source of PM2.5 aerosol in Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39:3771-3784.
[15] WANG Y, ZHUANG G, SUN Y, et al. Water-soluble part of the aerosol in the dust stormseason-evidence of the mixing between mineral andpollution aerosols[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39:7020-7029.
[16] 徐宏辉, 王跃思, 温天雪, 等. 北京大气气溶胶中水溶性离子的粒径分布和垂直分布[J]. 环境科学, 2007, 28(1):14-19. XU H H, WANG Y S, WEN T X,et al. Size distributions and vertical distributions of water soluble ions of atmospheric aerosol in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2007, 28(1):14-19(in Chinese).
[17] 乔宝文, 刘子锐, 胡波, 等. 北京冬季PM2.5中金属元素浓度特征和来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(3):876-883. QIAO B W, LIU Z R, HU B,et al. Concentration characteristics and sources of trace metals in PM2.5 during wintertime in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(3):876-883(in Chinese).
[18] 赵亚楠, 李小平, 杨涛, 等. 典型能源开发区灰尘金属元素的空间分布特征、来源与健康风险[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38(1):350-362. ZHAO Y N, LI X P, YANG T,et al. The spatial distribution characteristics, sources and health risks of trace elements in dust in typical energy development zones[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantia, 2018, 38(1):350-362(in Chinese).
[19] 张鑫, 赵小曼, 孟雪洁, 等. 北京、新乡夏季大气颗粒物中重金属的粒径分布及人体健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(3):997-1003. ZHANG X, ZHAO X M, MENG X J,et al. Particle size sistribution and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in atmospheric particles from Beijing and Xinxiang during Summer[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(3):997-1003(in Chinese).
[20] 狄一安, 杨勇杰, 周瑞, 等. 北京春季城区与远郊区不同大气粒径颗粒物中水溶性离子的分布特征[J]. 环境化学, 2012, 32(9):1604-1610. DI Y A, YANG Y J, ZHOU R,et al. Size distributions of water-soluble inorganic ions at urban and rural sites in Beijing during spring[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2012, 32(9):1604-1610(in Chinese).
[21] 杨勇杰, 刘俊卿, 狄一安, 等. 青藏高原不同粒径大气颗粒物元素分析[J]. 环境化学, 2013, 32(6):965-973. YANG Y J, LIU J Q, DI Y A,et al. Determination of trace elements in the particulate matters of different size from tibetan plateau[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2013, 32(6):965-973(in Chinese).
[22] YANG Y, ZHOU R, WU J, et al. Seasonal variations and size distributions of water-soluble ionsin atmospheric aerosols in Beijing, 2012[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 34, 197-205.
[23] 王晓琦, 周颖, 程水源, 等. 典型城市冬季PM2.5水溶性离子污染特征与传输规律研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(8):2289-2296. WANG X Q, ZHOU Y, CHENG S Y,et al. Characterization and regional transmission impact of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 during winter in typical cities[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016, 36(8):2289-2296(in Chinese).
[24] GU J X, BAI Z P, LI W F, et al. Chemical composition of PM2.5 during winter in Tianjin, China[J]. Particuology, 2011, 9(3):215-221.
[25] WANG H L, QIAO L P, LOU S R, et al. Chemical composition of PM2.5 and meteorological impact among three years in urban Shanghai, China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 112:1302-1311.
[26] 马莹, 吴兑, 刘建, 等. 广州干湿季典型灰霾过程水溶性离子成分对比分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2017, 37(1):73-81. MA Y, WU D, LIU J,et al. Comparative analysis of water-soluble ions during typical haze processes in dry and wet seasons in Guangzhou[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017, 37(1):73-81(in Chinese).
[27] 代志光,张承中, 李勇, 等. 西安夏季PM2.5中碳组分与水溶性无机离子特征分析[J]. 环境工程学报, 2014, 8(10):4366-4372. DAI Z G, ZHANG C Z, LI Y,et al. Analysis of carbon components and water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 of Xi'an during summer[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2014, 8(10):4366-4372(in Chinese).
[28] 张棕巍, 胡恭任, 于瑞莲, 等. 厦门市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(7):1947-1954. ZHANG Z W, HU G R, YU R L,et al. Characteristics and sources apportionment of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 of Xiamen City, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016, 36(7):1947-1954(in Chinese).
[29] 邱坚, 霍玉玲, 郭劲秋. 镇江市灰霾天气与非灰霾天气下细颗粒物(PM2.5)中无机元素分布特征分析[J]. 环境科学导刊, 2017,36(1):46-48. QIU J, HUO Y L, GUO J Q. Analysis of the distribution of inorganic elements in PM2.5 under both haze and No-haze weather conditions in Zhenjiang[J]. Environmental Science Survey, 2017, 36(1):46-48(in Chinese).
[30] 熊秋林, 赵文吉, 王皓飞, 等. 北京市春季PM2.5中金属元素污染特征及来源分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2016, 25(7):1181-1187. XIONG Q L,ZHAO W J, WANG H F,et al. Pollution characteristics and source analysis of metal elements in PM2.5 during spring in Beijing[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016, 25(7):1181-1187(in Chinese).
[31] 于扬,岑况, STEFAN N, 等. 北京市PM2.5中主要重金属元素污染特征及季节变化分析[J]. 现代地质,2012,26(5):975-982. YU Y,CEN K, STEFAN N,et al. Concentration characteristics and seasonal trend of main heavy metal elements of PM2.5 in Beijing[J]. Geoscience, 2012, 26(5):975-982(in Chinese).
[32] 王琼, 李亚伟, 郝舒欣, 等. 北京市大气PM2.5中17种元素的污染特征研究[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2016, 33(12):1069-1072. WANG Q, LI Y W, HAO S X, et al. Pollution characteristics of 17 kinds of elements in ambient PM2.5 in Beijing[J]. Journal of Environment Health, 2016, 33(12):1069-1072(in Chinese).
[33] 王士宝, 姬亚芹, 张伟, 等. 鞍山市冬季大气PM2.5中元素污染特征与来源解析[J]. 环境与可持续发展, 2017, 2:160-164. WANG B S, JI Y Q, ZHANG W, et al. Pollution characteristics and sources of elements in PM2. 5 during winter in Anshan City[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development, 2017, 2:160-164(in Chinese).
[34] 高山, 骆庭川, 张本仁. 中国东部地壳的结构和组成[J]. 中国科学,1999,29(3):204-213. GAO S, LUO T C, ZHANG B R. The structure and composition of the crust in eastern China[J]. Science in China, 1999, 29(3):204-213(in Chinese).