2017年春节前后乌鲁木齐市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源分析及健康风险评价
Characteristics, sources apportionment and toxicity assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate matters 2017 Chinese New Year in Urumqi
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摘要: 在乌鲁木齐生活区春节前后采集大气PM10和PM2.5样品，采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行16种优控多环芳烃（PAHs）质量浓度及组成特征分析，运用特征比值法和毒性当量浓度及终身致癌超额危险度分别进行了来源分析和毒性评价.结果表明，在采样期间乌鲁木齐市生活区大气PM10和PM2.5浓度分别超过了国家二级标准77%和85%，并春季期间平均浓度比除夕前高.PM10和PM2.5中PAHs的浓度分别介于65.98-253.54 ng·m-3、37.68-245.24 ng·m-3之间，PAHs主要以中高环为主，占∑16PAHs的88%.春节期间随着颗粒物浓度的增高，其中PAHs的含量也增高，5-6环PAHs的贡献率减少，3-4环的贡献率增高.来源解析表明，乌鲁木齐大气中PAHs是以燃煤和机动车尾气混合型为主要来源，春节前机动车尾气对PAHs的贡献率大，春节期间机动车的贡献率减少.毒性评价结果表明，乌鲁木齐市冬季样品中∑16PAHs的BaPeq浓度范围为0.0004-10.94 ng·m-3，BaP和DbA的毒性最强，对∑BaPeq的贡献率占70%以上；PM10和PM2.5中∑16PAHs的总ECR分别为2.03×10-3和1.68×10-3，超过国家最大可以接受水平.Abstract: PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected from the residential area of Urumqi around the Chinese New Year (CNY), and the mass concentrations, composition characteristics of 16 priority PAHs were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Source analysis were performed using the characteristic ratio method, and toxicity was evaluated by the BaPeq and ECR. The results showed that during the sampling period, the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the residential area of Urumqi exceeded the national secondary standards by 77% and 85%, respectively. The average concentrations during the CNY were higher than before the CNY Eve. The concentrations of PAHs in PM10 and PM2.5 were between 65.98-253.54 ng·m-3 and 37.68-245.24 ng·m-3, ∑16 PAHs was mainly dominated by middle and high molecular ring PAHs which accounted for 88% of the total PAHs. During the CNY, as the particle concentrations increased, the concentrations of PAHs also increased. Moreover, contribution of 5-6 ring PAHs decreased, while the 3-4 ring PAHs contributions increased. The source analysis showed that the main sources of PAHs in Urumqi included coal combustion and motor vehicle exhaust. The contribution rate of motor vehicle exhaust to PAHs was higher than coal combustion before the CNY and decreased during the CNY. The toxicity evaluation results showed that BaPeq concentration was in the range of 0.0004-10.94 ng·m-3. BaP and DbA were the most toxic PAHs congeners, contributing more than 70% to ∑BaPeq. The total ECR of ∑16PAHs in PM10 and PM2.5 were 2.03×10-3 and 1.68×10-3, respectively, which exceeded the national maximum acceptable level.
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Key words:
- PAHs /
- Chinese New Year /
- source analysis /
- toxicity assessment /
- PM10 and PM2.5 /
- Urumqi
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