环境样品中微塑料及其结合污染物鉴别分析研究进展
Study on identification of microplastics and the combined pollutants in environmental samples
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摘要: 微塑料作为一种新型污染物，具有难以被彻底降解、在环境中分布广泛、易结合疏水性有机污染物和重金属等特性，已成为国内外学者研究的热点问题.近年来，微塑料在海水、淡水、沉积物、土壤和大气等环境介质中不断被报道，且数量不断增加，甚至在人口稀少的偏远地区均有微塑料的检出.微塑料尺寸较小极易被生物误食，微塑料及其结合的污染物对生态环境产生潜在风险.开展微塑料及其结合污染物鉴别分析技术是研究微塑料环境行为、生态毒理效应及风险防控的基础.本文梳理了微塑料的相关研究，总结和比较分析了不同介质（水体、土壤/沉积物、生物体、大气）中微塑料的采样、分离提取、定性（物理形态表征和化学组分鉴定）、定量（数量丰度和质量浓度）以及结合污染物的检测分析技术和方法，为相关领域的研究提供了方法学的参考.Abstract: Microplastics, known as a novel environmental pollutant resistance to degradation and as ideal carrier for organic pollutants and heavy metals, has become a hot issue due to their widespread in the environment. In recent years, increasing number of studies have reported the occurrence of microplastics in seawater, freshwater, soil, sediment,atmosphere, and even in remote areas. Microplastics and their combined pollutants can be easily ingested by organisms, causing adverse effects to the eco-environment. Microplastics and their combined pollutants analysis techniques are the basis for investigating their environmental behavior, eco-toxicological effects and prevention and control of microplastics. Herein, we summarized recent studies of microplastics on samplings, separation, extraction, qualitative (physical characterization and chemical identification) and quantitative (quantity abundance and mass concentration) analysis, as well as the methods for analysis of the combined pollutants. In summary, this review provided methodological reference for future studies on the analysis of microplastics and their combined pollutants.
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