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根据《2020中国生态环境状况公报》,截至2020年底,全国市政污水年处理量达到559.2×108 m3 [1]。活性污泥法被广泛用于去除污水中的氮、磷等营养物并产生大量剩余污泥。厌氧消化工艺能实现污染物的高效处理及污水中的能源回收,被应用于剩余污泥的资源化处理[2]。厌氧消化污泥脱出的滤液被称为污泥消化脱水液,具有氨氮质量浓度高(500~2 000 mg·L−1)和低碳氮比(<1)的特点[3]。在实际工程中,若BOD5/TN大于4则表明污水中碳源充足,方可确保活性污泥工艺脱氮效果稳定[4]。若采用活性污泥法对污泥脱水液进行脱氮处理,尚需额外投加大量碳源,运行成本较高。因此,如何经济高效地实现污泥脱水液的脱氮处理已成为污水处理厂亟需解决的技术问题。
厌氧氨氧化工艺具有无需外加碳源,污泥产量少且适宜高浓度氨氮废水脱氮处理等优势[5]。相较于活性污泥法,厌氧氨氧化工艺被认为是更适宜于厌氧消化污泥脱水液的新型脱氮工艺[6]。基于厌氧氨氧化工艺的两段式部分亚硝化/厌氧氨氧化(partial nitritation/ anammox,PN/A)工艺具有控制简单、运行稳定及适宜培养不同微生物的优点[7]。两段式PN/A工艺由部分亚硝化(partial nitritation,PN)反应器和厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing,anammox)反应器串联组成。首先,由氨氧化菌(ammonia oxidizing bacteria,AOB)在PN反应器中将部分氨氮氧化为亚硝态氮,出水
$ {\rm{NO}}_2^{-}$ -N/${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $ -N控制在1.1~1.3,可为后续anammox反应器提供反应基质;然后,由厌氧氨氧化菌(anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria,AnAOB)在anammox反应器中将氨氮和亚硝态氮转化为氮气和硝态氮,最终完成脱氮处理[8]。国内外学者针对两段式PN/A工艺开展了大量研究[9-11],但多为基于人工模拟基质的实验室规模研究,而关于工程规模的实际废水两段式PN/A工艺研究较少。本研究依托天津津南污泥处理厂,以厌氧消化污泥脱水液为处理对象,探究了工程规模两段式PN/A工艺的启动与优化运行特性,通过剖析各工艺段中N的转化与系统对污染物的去除效果,积累两段式PN/A工艺处理厌氧消化污泥脱水液处理的运行经验,以期为推动两段式PN/A工艺在高氨氮废水脱氮处理中的实际应用提供参考。
天津津南污泥处理厂两段式PN/A工艺处理污泥脱水液的成功启动与运行分析
Successful start-up and operation analysis of the two-stage PN/A process for the treatment of reject water in Tianjin Jinnan Plant
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摘要: 污泥脱水液的经济高效脱氮处理已成为污水处理中的重要环节。依托天津津南污泥处理厂采用两段式部分亚硝化/厌氧氨氧化(PN/A)脱氮工艺处理污泥脱水液,在35 ℃下,对工程规模的工艺启动和稳定运行特性进行了研究。结果表明:接种活性污泥可成功启动部分亚硝化(PN)反应器,PN反应器出水
${\rm{NO}}_2^{-} $ -N/${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $ -N为1.1时,可实现anammox系统的快速启动与稳运行;出水${\rm{NO}}_2^{-} $ -N/${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $ -N过高会造成anammox系统的不稳定行和厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制;anammox系统在进水TN为(821±102)mg·L−1,氮负荷为0.16 g·(L·d)−1的条件下可实现86.0%的稳定脱氮率;出水${\rm{NO}}_2^{-} $ -N为35 mg·L−1可作为anammox系统稳定运行的调控依据。以上研究结果可为两段式PN/A工艺在污泥脱水液脱氮处理的工程应用提供参考。Abstract: Economical and efficient denitrification of reject water from sludge dewatering has become an urgent need for wastewater treatment. In this paper, a full scale two-stage PN/A (partial nitritation/anammox) nitrogen removal process was used to treat reject water in the Tianjin Jinan sludge treatment plant, and its start-up and stable operation characteristics were investigated at 35 ℃. Results showed that the activated sludge inoculation could successfully start up the partial nitrosation (PN) reactor, and a PN reactor effluent nitrite/ammonium ratio of 1.1 could achieve rapid start-up and stable operation of the Anammox system. High effluent nitrite/ammonium ratio can cause instability and inhibition of the Anammox system. The Anammox system achieved a stable nitrogen removal rate of 86.0% with the influent total nitrogen (TN) concentration being (821±102) mg·L-1 and the nitrogen load being 0.16 g·(L·d)-1. The effluent nitrite of 35 mg·L-1 can be used as a basis for the regulation of stable operation of the Anammox system. This study can provide a reference for the engineering application of the two-stage PN/A process in reject water nitrogen removal treatment.-
Key words:
- anammox /
- partial nitritation /
- two-stage PN/A /
- reject water /
- full scale
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表 1 PN池运行条件
Table 1. Operational conditations of the PN reactor
运行
阶段运行时
间/d进水量
/(m3·d−1)进水TN
/(mg·L−1)HRT/d 氮负荷
/(g·(L·d)−1)温度/℃ 阶段1 1~222 500 658±94.1 3.6 0.18±0.03 35 阶段2 223~288 500 859±37.9 3.6 0.23±0.04 35 阶段3 289~334 500 796±50.5 3.6 0.21±0.05 35 注:阶段1为工艺启动与稳定运行阶段;阶段2和阶段3为工艺优化运行阶段。 表 2 anammox池运行条件
Table 2. Operational conditations of the anammox reactor
运行
阶段运行时
间/d进水量/
(m3·d−1)进水TN/
(mg·L−1)HRT/d 氮负荷/
(g·(L·d)−1)温度/℃ 阶段1 1~222 350 596±72.2 5.14 0.12±0.01 35 阶段2 223~288 350 802±49.6 5.14 0.15±0.03 35 阶段3 289~334 350 767±45.1 5.14 0.14±0.03 35 注:阶段1为工艺启动与稳定运行阶段;阶段2和阶段3为工艺优化运行阶段。 表 3 anammox池运行条件表3两段式PN/A工艺COD去除率与各流程中COD的去除效果
Table 3. COD removal efficiency and COD removal processes of the two-stage PN/A process
运行阶段 COD去
除率/%调节池
占比/%PN池
占比/%anammox
池占比/%阶段1 54.4±10.2 24.1±18.8 55.3±19.8 20.6±15.3 阶段2 53.8±8.95 11.9±11.9 78.9±5.2 9.2±11.2 阶段3 54.8±10.0 8.7±16.5 61.8±12.8 29.5±6.6 注:阶段1为工艺启动与稳定运行阶段;阶段2和阶段3为工艺优化运行阶段。 表 4 anammox池微生物属水平的群落组成
Table 4. Microbial community composition of the anammox reactor at genus level
取样
日期anammox池中微生物的占比/% AOB的
占比/%Ca. Brocadia Ca. Kuenenia Ca. Jettenia 总计 Nitrosomonas 第218天 22.9 8.3 1.5 32.7 1.7 第264天 12 11 0.5 23.5 1 -
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