摘要:
基于改进的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)的分析方法,通过对不同重量鲤鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼和鲢鱼中四环素类、磺胺类以及喹诺酮类等十种抗生素的残留测定,调查了北京市场水产品中抗生素的污染水平。结果表明,在所有样品中,只有磺胺二甲基嘧啶、麻保沙星、诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星四种抗生素检出,检出率分别为2.1%,4.2%,16.7%,46.9%,其他抗生素未检出。检出的四种抗生素中,磺胺二甲基嘧啶和麻保沙星只在草鱼中有检出,诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星在四种鱼中均有检出。恩诺沙星的浓度在鲤鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼和鲢鱼中依次降低。只有部分检出恩诺沙星超出50μg·kg-1的最大允许残留量。磺胺二甲基嘧啶、麻保沙星、诺氟沙星随着鱼重量的增大而变高,最高浓度为34.8、179.6、39.4μg·kg-1,而在个头小的鱼中未检出,这可能由生物累积造成。总之,北京市场的水产品存在抗生素的污染,但是大多数的抗生素的浓度都低于最大允许残留量。仍需加强水产品养殖环节中抗生素使用的管理。
关键词:
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抗生素
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鱼
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水产品
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北京市场
Abstract:
To survey the contamination level of antibiotics in aquatic products in Beijing market, crucian carp, carp, grass carp and chub of different weights were sampled from several major farmer markets in Beijing and ten antibiotics including tetracycline, sulfa antibiotics and quinolones were analyzed by based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The result showed that only four antibiotics, i. e. sulfamethazine, marbofloxacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin, could be detected in some fish samples (2.1%, 4.2%, 16.7%, 46.9% detection rate), while others were below detection limits. Among the detected norfloxacin and enrofloxacin in crucian carp, carp, grass carp and chub, with the concentration of antibiotics, sulfamethazine and marbofloxacin were only detected in grass carp, while enrofloxacin in carp significantly higher than crucian carp, followed by grass carp and chub, respectively. Only enrofloxacin in fish samples exceeded the maximum residue level (MRL in NY5070-2002, 50 μg·kg-1). The concentrations of sulfamethazine, marbofloxacin and norfloxacinwere higher in larger fish (with the highest concentration of 34.8、179.6、39.4 μg·kg-1) and not detected in small fish, indicating the accumulation processes. In general, aquatic fish products in Beijing market showed contaminated by antibiotics, while their residuals were mostly below MRL values. Best management practice is needed in cultivating fishery and in antibiotics usage.