摘要:
纳米技术已成为21世纪发展最迅猛的技术领域之一。纳米材料因其具备新异的物理、化学特性而广泛应用于各种领域,包括农业,电子工业,生物医学,制造业,医药品和化妆品等,因此纳米颗粒不可避免会释放到水环境中。贝类由于其具有分布广,处于食物链中的关键位置,滤食食性,对重金属及污染物有较强的生物累积能力,且很多贝类具有养殖和商业价值,因而纳米颗粒对贝类的生态毒性效应备受关注。本文通过对已有相关研究成果进行归纳分析,重点阐述了3方面的内容:1)人工纳米材料在水环境中的行为;2)贝类作为水生污染监测指示生物的重要意义;3)人工纳米材料对贝类的毒性效应,主要包括贝类对纳米颗粒摄取、积累和转移,并从组织细胞水平,分子和基因水平,胚胎发育和个体生长水平等阐述了纳米材料对贝类的毒性效应。
关键词:
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人工纳米材料
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贝类
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毒性效应
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综述
Abstract:
Nanotechnology has become one of the most rapidly developing technologies in the 21 st century. Nanomaterials are widely applied to various areas because of the special physical and chemical properties,including agriculture,electronics,biomedicine,manufacturing,pharmaceuticals and cosmetics,thus nanomaterials are inevitably released into the aquatic environment. Shellfish has attracted much attention in nano-toxicology studies due to its wide distribution,key position in food chain,filter feeding habit,strong ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals and contaminants,and aquaculture and commercial value. In this article,we summarized and analyzed the latest scientific research references,through three aspects:1) the behavior of manufactured nanomaterials in water environment; 2) the significance of shellfish as indicator organisms to monitor marine pollution; 3) the toxic effects of manufactured nanomaterials on shellfish,mainly including nanoparticles uptake,accumulation and depuration ofshellfish,and reviews from tissue and cell level,molecule and gene level,embryonic development and individual growth and other physiological toxicity effect.
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